Question

我是Mock的新手，正在为此功能编写单元测试：

# utils.py
import requests    

def some_function(user):
    payload = {'Email': user.email}
    url = 'http://api.example.com'
    response = requests.get(url, params=payload)      

    if response.status_code == 200:
       return response.json()
    else:
        return None

我正在使用Michael Foord's Mock库作为我的单元测试的一部分，并且很难模拟response.json()以返回json结构。这是我的单元测试：

# tests.py
from .utils import some_function

class UtilsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_some_function(self):
        with patch('utils.requests') as mock_requests:
            mock_requests.get.return_value.status_code = 200
            mock_requests.get.return_value.content = '{"UserId":"123456"}'
            results = some_function(self.user)
            self.assertEqual(results['UserId'], '123456')

在没有运气阅读文档后，我尝试了不同模拟设置的多种组合。如果我在单元测试中打印results，它总是显示以下内容而不是我想要的json数据结构：

<MagicMock name=u'requests.get().json().__getitem__().__getitem__()' id='30315152'>

关于我做错了什么的想法？

Answer 1

修补程序json方法而不是content。（content）

中未使用some_function

请尝试以下代码。

import unittest

from mock import Mock, patch

import utils

class UtilsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_some_function(self):
        user = self.user = Mock()
        user.email = 'user@example.com'
        with patch('utils.requests') as mock_requests:
            mock_requests.get.return_value = mock_response = Mock()
            mock_response.status_code = 200
            mock_response.json.return_value = {"UserId":"123456"}
            results = utils.some_function(self.user)
            self.assertEqual(results['UserId'], '123456')

Answer 2

我喜欢使用的另一种模式是更可重用的模式是在单元测试的setUp方法中启动修补程序。检查使用预期参数调用模拟请求也很重要：

class UtilsTestCase(TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.user = Mock(id=123, email='foo@bar.com')

        patcher = patch('utils.requests.get')
        self.mock_response = Mock(status_code=200)
        self.mock_response.raise_for_status.return_value = None
        self.mock_response.json.return_value = {'UserId': self.user.id}
        self.mock_request = patcher.start()
        self.mock_request.return_value = self.mock_response

    def tearDown(self):
        self.mock_request.stop()

    def test_request(self):
        results = utils.some_function(self.user)

        self.assertEqual(results['UserId'], 123)

        self.mock_request.assert_called_once_with(
            'http://api.example.com'
            payload={'Email': self.user.email},
        )

    def test_bad_request(self):
        # override defaults and reassign
        self.mock_response.status_code = 500
        self.mock_request.return_value = self.mock_response
        results = utils.some_function(self.user)

        self.assertEqual(results, None)

        self.mock_request.assert_called_once_with(
            'http://api.example.com'
            payload={'Email': user.email},
        )

Answer 3

我认为另一种方式更清晰直接：

import unittest

from mock import Mock, patch

import utils

class UtilsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_some_function(self):
        mock_response = Mock()
        mock_response.status_code = 200
        mock_response.json.return_value = {"UserId": "123456"}
        with patch('utils.requests.get') as mock_requests:
            results = utils.some_function(self.user)
            self.assertEqual(results['UserId'], '123456')

Django unittest和mocking请求模块

3 个答案: