WPF RichTextBox语法突出显示问题

Question

大家好，我一直在研究一个带有文本编辑器的WPF应用程序，这个文本编辑器应该应用一些样式或着色一些标记（关键字）来突出显示它并使其显而易见，问题是我试过非常非常努力，但我仍然得到相同的结果，当用户输入关键字被设置样式后的整个文本之一的关键字！试想一下，如果你在“C＃”中输入“string”关键字，那么它之后的整个文字将会显示为蓝色。

这是我使用的代码：

    static List<string> tags = new List<string>();
    static List<char> specials = new List<char>();
    static string text;
    #region ctor
    static MainWindow()
    {
        string[] specialWords = { "string", "char", "null" };              
        tags = new List<string>(specialWords);     
        // We also want to know all possible delimiters so adding this stuff.     
        char[] chrs = {
            '.',
            ')',
            '(',
            '[',
            ']',
            '>',
            '<',
            ':',
            ';',
            '\n',
            '\t',
            '\r'
        };
        specials = new List<char>(chrs);
    }
    public MainWindow()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }
        #endregion
    //Now I should check statically if the string I passed is legal and constants in my dictionary
    public static bool IsKnownTag(string tag)
    {
        return tags.Exists(delegate(string s) { return s.ToLower().Equals(tag.ToLower()); });
    }            
    private static bool GetSpecials(char i)
    {
        foreach (var item in specials)
        {
            if (item.Equals(i))
            {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    // Wow. Great. Now I should separate words, that equals to my tags. For this propose we'll create new internal structure named Tag. This will help us to save words and its' positions.
    new struct Tag
    {
        public TextPointer StartPosition;
        public TextPointer EndPosition;
        public string Word;     
    }              
    internal void CheckWordsInRun(Run theRun){
        //How, let's go through our text and save all tags we have to save.               
        int sIndex = 0;
        int eIndex = 0;
        List<Tag> m_tags = new List<Tag>();
        for (int i = 0; i < text.Length; i++)
        {
            if (Char.IsWhiteSpace(text[i]) | GetSpecials(text[i]))
            {
                if (i > 0 && !(Char.IsWhiteSpace(text[i - 1]) | GetSpecials(text[i - 1])))
                {
                    eIndex = i - 1;
                    string word = text.Substring(sIndex, eIndex - sIndex + 1);     
                    if (IsKnownTag(word))
                    {
                        Tag t = new Tag();
                        t.StartPosition = theRun.ContentStart.GetPositionAtOffset(sIndex, LogicalDirection.Forward);
                        t.EndPosition = theRun.ContentStart.GetPositionAtOffset(eIndex + 1, LogicalDirection.Backward);
                        t.Word = word;
                        m_tags.Add(t);
                    }
                }
                sIndex = i + 1;
            }
        }
        //How this works. But wait. If the word is last word in my text I'll never hightlight it, due I'm looking for separators. Let's add some fix for this case
        string lastWord = text.Substring(sIndex, text.Length - sIndex);
        if (IsKnownTag(lastWord))
        {
            Tag t = new Tag();
            t.StartPosition = theRun.ContentStart.GetPositionAtOffset(sIndex, LogicalDirection.Forward);
            t.EndPosition = theRun.ContentStart.GetPositionAtOffset(eIndex + 1, LogicalDirection.Backward);
            t.Word = lastWord;
            m_tags.Add(t);
        }
        //How I have all my words and its' positions in list. Let's color it! Dont forget to unsubscribe! text styling fires TextChanged event.
        txtStatus.TextChanged -= txtStatus_TextChanged;
        for (int i = 0; i < m_tags.Count; i++)
        {
            try
            {
                TextRange range = new TextRange(m_tags[i].StartPosition, m_tags[i].EndPosition);
                range.ApplyPropertyValue(TextElement.ForegroundProperty, new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Blue));
                range.ApplyPropertyValue(TextElement.FontWeightProperty, FontWeights.Bold);
            }
            catch { }
        }
        m_tags.Clear();
        txtStatus.TextChanged += txtStatus_TextChanged;
    }

这里是文本更改事件处理程序

    private void txtStatus_TextChanged(object sender, TextChangedEventArgs e)
    {           
        if (txtStatus.Document == null)
            return;
        TextRange documentRange = new TextRange(txtStatus.Document.ContentStart, txtStatus.Document.ContentEnd);
        //documentRange.ClearAllProperties();
        text = documentRange.Text;
        //Now let's create navigator to go though the text and hightlight it
        TextPointer navigator = txtStatus.Document.ContentStart;
        while (navigator.CompareTo(txtStatus.Document.ContentEnd) < 0)
        {
            TextPointerContext context = navigator.GetPointerContext(LogicalDirection.Backward);
            if (context == TextPointerContext.ElementStart && navigator.Parent is Run)
            {
                CheckWordsInRun((Run)navigator.Parent);
            }
            navigator = navigator.GetNextContextPosition(LogicalDirection.Forward);
        }
    }

任何建议或手都将受到高度赞赏，提前谢谢。

Answer 1

在解析所有文本之前，您应突出显示关键字，突出显示每个Run中的关键字将影响对navigator.GetNextContextPosition的调用，从而导致意外错误，例如重复触发textchanged事件。

在您突出显示某个关键字后，您在该关键字后键入的文字会隐藏该关键字的样式。一种解决方法是在点亮关键字之前在整个文本上调用ClearAllProperties。

以下是更新的txtStatus_TextChanged和CheckWordsInRun方法。

List<Tag> m_tags = new List<Tag>(); 
internal void CheckWordsInRun(Run theRun) //do not hightlight keywords in this method
{
    //How, let's go through our text and save all tags we have to save.               
    int sIndex = 0;
    int eIndex = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < text.Length; i++)
    {
        if (Char.IsWhiteSpace(text[i]) | GetSpecials(text[i]))
        {
            if (i > 0 && !(Char.IsWhiteSpace(text[i - 1]) | GetSpecials(text[i - 1])))
            {
                eIndex = i - 1;
                string word = text.Substring(sIndex, eIndex - sIndex + 1);
                if (IsKnownTag(word))
                {
                    Tag t = new Tag();
                    t.StartPosition = theRun.ContentStart.GetPositionAtOffset(sIndex, LogicalDirection.Forward);
                    t.EndPosition = theRun.ContentStart.GetPositionAtOffset(eIndex + 1, LogicalDirection.Backward);
                    t.Word = word;
                    m_tags.Add(t);
                }
            }
            sIndex = i + 1;
        }
    }
    //How this works. But wait. If the word is last word in my text I'll never hightlight it, due I'm looking for separators. Let's add some fix for this case
    string lastWord = text.Substring(sIndex, text.Length - sIndex);
    if (IsKnownTag(lastWord))
    {
        Tag t = new Tag();
        t.StartPosition = theRun.ContentStart.GetPositionAtOffset(sIndex, LogicalDirection.Forward);
        t.EndPosition = theRun.ContentStart.GetPositionAtOffset(text.Length, LogicalDirection.Backward); //fix 1
        t.Word = lastWord;
        m_tags.Add(t);
    }
}

private void txtStatus_TextChanged(object sender, TextChangedEventArgs e)
{
    if (txtStatus.Document == null)
        return;
    txtStatus.TextChanged -= txtStatus_TextChanged;

    m_tags.Clear();

    //first clear all the formats
    TextRange documentRange = new TextRange(txtStatus.Document.ContentStart, txtStatus.Document.ContentEnd);
    documentRange.ClearAllProperties();
    //text = documentRange.Text; //fix 2

    //Now let's create navigator to go though the text, find all the keywords but do not hightlight
    TextPointer navigator = txtStatus.Document.ContentStart;
    while (navigator.CompareTo(txtStatus.Document.ContentEnd) < 0)
    {
        TextPointerContext context = navigator.GetPointerContext(LogicalDirection.Backward);
        if (context == TextPointerContext.ElementStart && navigator.Parent is Run)
        {
            text = ((Run)navigator.Parent).Text; //fix 2
                                 if (text != "")
                CheckWordsInRun((Run)navigator.Parent);
        }
        navigator = navigator.GetNextContextPosition(LogicalDirection.Forward);
    }

    //only after all keywords are found, then we highlight them
    for (int i = 0; i < m_tags.Count; i++)
    {
        try
        {
            TextRange range = new TextRange(m_tags[i].StartPosition, m_tags[i].EndPosition);
            range.ApplyPropertyValue(TextElement.ForegroundProperty, new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Blue));
            range.ApplyPropertyValue(TextElement.FontWeightProperty, FontWeights.Bold);
        }
        catch { }
    }
    txtStatus.TextChanged += txtStatus_TextChanged;
}