// include the basic windows header file
#include <windows.h>
#include <windowsx.h>
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <d3dx11.h>
#include <d3dx10.h>
// include the Direct3D Library file
#pragma comment (lib, "d3d11.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "d3dx11.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "d3dx10.lib")
// global declarations
IDXGISwapChain *swapchain; // the pointer to the swap chain interface
ID3D11Device *dev; // the pointer to our Direct3D device interface
ID3D11DeviceContext *devcon; // the pointer to our Direct3D device context
// function prototypes
void InitD3D(HWND hWnd); // sets up and initializes Direct3D
void CleanD3D(void); // closes Direct3D and releases memory
HRESULT D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(
IDXGIAdapter *pAdapter,
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE DriverType,
HMODULE Software,
UINT Flags,
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL *pFeatureLevels,
UINT FeatureLevels,
UINT SDKVersion,
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC *pSwapChainDesc,
IDXGISwapChain **ppSwapChain,
ID3D11Device **ppDevice,
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL *pFeatureLevel,
ID3D11DeviceContext **ppDeviceContext);
// the WindowProc function prototype
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd,
UINT message,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam);
// the entry point for any Windows program
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
// the handle for the window, filled by a function
HWND hWnd;
// this struct holds information for the window class
WNDCLASSEX wc;
// clear out the window class for use
ZeroMemory(&wc, sizeof(WNDCLASSEX));
// fill in the struct with the needed information
wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)COLOR_WINDOW;
wc.lpszClassName = L"WindowClass1";
// register the window class
RegisterClassEx(&wc);
RECT wr = {0, 0, 500, 400}; // set the size, but not the position
AdjustWindowRect(&wr, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, FALSE); // adjust the size
// create the window and use the result as the handle
hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL,
L"WindowClass1", // name of the window class
L"Our First Windowed Program", // title of the window
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, // window style
300, // x-position of the window
300, // y-position of the window
500, // width of the window
400, // height of the window
NULL, // we have no parent window, NULL
NULL, // we aren't using menus, NULL
hInstance, // application handle
NULL); // used with multiple windows, NULL
// display the window on the screen
ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
// enter the main loop:
// enter the main loop:
// this struct holds Windows event messages
MSG msg = {0};
// Enter the infinite message loop
while(TRUE)
{
// Check to see if any messages are waiting in the queue
if(PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
{
// translate keystroke messages into the right format
TranslateMessage(&msg);
// send the message to the WindowProc function
DispatchMessage(&msg);
// check to see if it's time to quit
if(msg.message == WM_QUIT)
break;
}
else
{
// Run game code here
// ...
// ...
}
}
// return this part of the WM_QUIT message to Windows
return msg.wParam;
}
// this is the main message handler for the program
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
// sort through and find what code to run for the message given
switch(message)
{
// this message is read when the window is closed
case WM_DESTROY:
{
// close the application entirely
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
} break;
}
// Handle any messages the switch statement didn't
return DefWindowProc (hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
// this function initializes and prepares Direct3D for use
void InitD3D(HWND hWnd)
{
// create a struct to hold information about the swap chain
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC scd;
// clear out the struct for use
ZeroMemory(&scd, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));
// fill the swap chain description struct
scd.BufferCount = 1; // one back buffer
scd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM; // use 32-bit color
scd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT; // how swap chain is to be used
scd.OutputWindow = hWnd; // the window to be used
scd.SampleDesc.Count = 4; // how many multisamples
scd.Windowed = TRUE; // windowed/full-screen mode
// create a device, device context and swap chain using the information in the scd struct
D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL,
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
&scd,
&swapchain,
&dev,
NULL,
&devcon);
}
// this is the function that cleans up Direct3D and COM
void CleanD3D()
{
// close and release all existing COM objects
swapchain->Release();
dev->Release();
devcon->Release();
}
Error 29 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "long __cdecl D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(struct IDXGIAdapter *,enum D3D_DRIVER_TYPE,struct HINSTANCE__ *,unsigned int,enum D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL *,unsigned int,unsigned int,struct DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC *,struct IDXGISwapChain * *,struct ID3D11Device * *,enum D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL *,struct ID3D11DeviceContext * *)" (?D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain@@YAJPAUIDXGIAdapter@@W4D3D_DRIVER_TYPE@@PAUHINSTANCE__@@IPAW4D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL@@IIPAUDXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC@@PAPAUIDXGISwapChain@@PAPAUID3D11Device@@3PAPAUID3D11DeviceContext@@@Z) referenced in function "void __cdecl InitD3D(struct HWND__ *)" (?InitD3D@@YAXPAUHWND__@@@Z) C:\Users\Eric\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\d3dinit\d3dinit\Source.obj d3dinit
我的lib目录指定为：
C：\ Program Files（x86）\ Microsoft DirectX SDK（2010年6月）\ Lib \ x64
我的链接器设置也指定了这些库：
d3d11.lib d3dx11.lib d3dx10.lib
我在代码块末尾粘贴的链接器错误。 我想知道链接器错误的原因是什么？
提前致谢...
答案 0 :(得分：3)
D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain前向声明错误。指向pFeatureLevels和pSwapChainDesc的指针应该是const。这意味着链接器会搜索不同的D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain函数，但无法找到它。最简单的修复方法就是删除D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain前向声明。
BTW使用dx11时，包含dx10标头和链接dx10库是没有意义的。此外，不推荐使用DXSDK，并将其替换为Windows8 SDK。