我正在尝试使用SHGetSpecialFolderPath
在C ++应用程序中(通过DLL)获取用户的桌面文件夹:
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500
#define _WIN32_IE 0x0500
#define CSIDL_MYMUSIC 0x000D
#define CSIDL_MYVIDEO 0x000E
#include "dll.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <shlobj.h>
#include <stdio.h>
TCHAR path[MAX_PATH];
export LPSTR desktop_directory()
{
if (SHGetSpecialFolderPath(HWND_DESKTOP, path, CSIDL_DESKTOP, FALSE)) {
return path;
}
}
首先,我想返回一个其他案例。我回来了#34; ERROR&#34;但编译器警告我,我试图将CHAR
转换为LPSTR
。如果存在,如果由于某种原因无法获取目录,则看起来DLL可能会崩溃。
同样来自MSDN文档,它说&#34; [SHGetSpecialFolderPath不受支持。相反,使用ShGetFolderPath。]&#34;,然后我导航到该页面,它说&#34; ShGetFolderPath:已弃用。获取由CSIDL值标识的文件夹的路径。&#34;我该怎么用呢?
所以:
修改
以下是所要求的更新代码,
#ifndef UNICODE
#define UNICODE
#endif
#ifndef _UNICODE
#define _UNICODE
#endif
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500
#define _WIN32_IE 0x0500
#define CSIDL_MYMUSIC 0x000D
#define CSIDL_MYVIDEO 0x000E
#include "dll.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <shlobj.h>
#include <stdio.h>
export LPCWSTR desktop_directory()
{
static wchar_t path[MAX_PATH+1];
if (SHGetFolderPath(NULL, CSIDL_DESKTOP, NULL, 0, path)) {
MessageBox(NULL, path, L"TEST", MB_OK); //test
return path;
} else {
return L"ERROR";
}
}
使用:g++ "src\dll\main.cpp" -D UNICODE -D _UNICODE -O3 -DNDEBUG -s -shared -o "output\main.dll"
我需要使用WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, ...)
将DLL中的字符串作为UTF-8传递,但我不知道该怎么做。
答案 0 :(得分:10)
SHGetFolderPath()
返回HRESULT
,其中0为S_OK
,但您的代码希望它返回BOOL
SHGetSpecialFolderPath()
,{0} FALSE
。因此,您需要在代码中修复该错误,因为它目前正在将成功视为失败,而不是相反。
话虽如此,您将从函数返回LPSTR
。那是char*
。但是您使用TCHAR
作为缓冲区。 TCHAR
映射到char
或wchar_t
,具体取决于是否定义了UNICODE
。因此,您需要决定是否要无条件地返回char*
,或者是否要返回TCHAR*
或两者。它有很大的不同,例如:
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500
#define _WIN32_IE 0x0500
#define CSIDL_MYMUSIC 0x000D
#define CSIDL_MYVIDEO 0x000E
#include "dll.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <shlobj.h>
#include <stdio.h>
export LPSTR desktop_directory()
{
static char path[MAX_PATH+1];
if (SHGetSpecialFolderPathA(HWND_DESKTOP, path, CSIDL_DESKTOP, FALSE))
return path;
else
return "ERROR";
}
对战:
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500
#define _WIN32_IE 0x0500
#define CSIDL_MYMUSIC 0x000D
#define CSIDL_MYVIDEO 0x000E
#include "dll.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <shlobj.h>
#include <stdio.h>
export LPTSTR desktop_directory()
{
static TCHAR path[MAX_PATH+1];
if (SHGetSpecialFolderPath(HWND_DESKTOP, path, CSIDL_DESKTOP, FALSE))
return path;
else
return TEXT("ERROR");
}
对战:
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500
#define _WIN32_IE 0x0500
#define CSIDL_MYMUSIC 0x000D
#define CSIDL_MYVIDEO 0x000E
#include "dll.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <shlobj.h>
#include <stdio.h>
export LPSTR desktop_directory_ansi()
{
static char path[MAX_PATH+1];
if (SHGetSpecialFolderPathA(HWND_DESKTOP, path, CSIDL_DESKTOP, FALSE))
return path;
else
return "ERROR";
}
export LPWSTR desktop_directory_unicode()
{
static wchar_t path[MAX_PATH+1];
if (SHGetSpecialFolderPathW(HWND_DESKTOP, path, CSIDL_DESKTOP, FALSE))
return path;
else
return L"ERROR";
}
更新:大多数Win32 API函数不支持UTF-8,因此如果您希望函数返回UTF-8字符串,则必须调用函数的Unicode风格,并且然后使用WideCharToMultiByte()
将输出转换为UTF-8。但是你有一个问题 - 谁分配并释放UTF-8缓冲区?有几种不同的方法可以解决这个问题:
使用线程安全的静态缓冲区(但请注意this gotcha)。如果您不需要担心多个线程访问该函数,请删除__declspec(thread)
说明符:
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500
#define _WIN32_IE 0x0500
#define CSIDL_MYMUSIC 0x000D
#define CSIDL_MYVIDEO 0x000E
#include "dll.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <shlobj.h>
#include <stdio.h>
__declspec(thread) char desktop_dir_buffer[((MAX_PATH*4)+1];
export LPCSTR desktop_directory()
{
wchar_t path[MAX_PATH+1] = {0};
if (SHGetFolderPathW(NULL, CSIDL_DESKTOPDIRECTORY, NULL, 0, path) != S_OK)
{
MessageBoxW(NULL, L"ERROR in SHGetFolderPathW", L"TEST", MB_OK);
return NULL;
}
MessageBoxW(NULL, path, L"TEST", MB_OK);
int buflen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, path, lstrlenW(path), desktop_dir_buffer, MAX_PATH*4, NULL, NULL);
if (buflen <= 0)
{
MessageBoxW(NULL, L"ERROR in WideCharToMultiByte", L"TEST", MB_OK);
return NULL;
}
desktop_dir_buffer[buflen] = 0;
return desktop_dir_buffer;
}
让DLL使用自己的内存管理器动态分配缓冲区并将其返回给调用者,然后要求调用者在使用它时将缓冲区传递回DLL,以便可以使用DLL释放它记忆管理员:
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500
#define _WIN32_IE 0x0500
#define CSIDL_MYMUSIC 0x000D
#define CSIDL_MYVIDEO 0x000E
#include "dll.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <shlobj.h>
#include <stdio.h>
export LPCSTR desktop_directory()
{
wchar_t path[MAX_PATH+1] = {0};
if (SHGetFolderPathW(NULL, CSIDL_DESKTOP, NULL, 0, path) != S_OK)
{
MessageBoxW(NULL, L"ERROR in SHGetFolderPathW", L"TEST", MB_OK);
return NULL;
}
MessageBoxW(NULL, path, L"TEST", MB_OK);
int pathlen = lstrlenW(path);
int buflen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, path, pathlen, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
if (buflen <= 0)
{
MessageBoxW(NULL, L"ERROR in WideCharToMultiByte", L"TEST", MB_OK);
return NULL;
}
char *buffer = new char[buflen+1];
buflen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, path, pathlen, buffer, buflen, NULL, NULL);
if (buflen <= 0)
{
delete[] buffer;
MessageBoxW(NULL, L"ERROR in WideCharToMultiByte", L"TEST", MB_OK);
return NULL;
}
buffer[buflen] = 0;
return buffer;
}
export void free_buffer(LPVOID buffer)
{
delete[] (char*) buffer;
}
让DLL使用Win32 API内存管理器动态分配缓冲区并将其返回给调用者,然后调用者可以使用相同的Win32 API内存管理器解除分配它,而不必将其传递回DLL释放它:
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500
#define _WIN32_IE 0x0500
#define CSIDL_MYMUSIC 0x000D
#define CSIDL_MYVIDEO 0x000E
#include "dll.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <shlobj.h>
#include <stdio.h>
export LPCSTR desktop_directory()
{
wchar_t path[MAX_PATH+1] = {0};
if (SHGetFolderPathW(NULL, CSIDL_DESKTOP, NULL, 0, path) != S_OK)
{
MessageBoxW(NULL, L"ERROR in SHGetFolderPathW", L"TEST", MB_OK);
return NULL;
}
MessageBoxW(NULL, path, L"TEST", MB_OK);
int pathlen = lstrlenW(path);
int buflen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, path, pathlen, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
if (buflen <= 0)
{
MessageBoxW(NULL, L"ERROR in WideCharToMultiByte", L"TEST", MB_OK);
return NULL;
}
char *buffer = (char*) LocalAlloc(LMEM_FIXED, buflen+1);
if (!buffer)
{
MessageBoxW(NULL, L"ERROR in LocalAlloc", L"TEST", MB_OK);
return NULL;
}
buflen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, path, pathlen, buffer, buflen, NULL, NULL);
if (buflen <= 0)
{
LocalFree(buffer);
MessageBoxW(NULL, L"ERROR in WideCharToMultiByte", L"TEST", MB_OK);
return NULL;
}
buffer[buflen] = 0;
return buffer; // caller can use LocalFree() to free it
}
让调用者在自己的缓冲区中传递,DLL只是填充。这样,调用者可以决定分配和释放它的最佳方式:
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500
#define _WIN32_IE 0x0500
#define CSIDL_MYMUSIC 0x000D
#define CSIDL_MYVIDEO 0x000E
#include "dll.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <shlobj.h>
#include <stdio.h>
// the caller can set buffer=NULL and buflen=0 to calculate the needed buffer size
export int desktop_directory(LPSTR buffer, int buflen)
{
wchar_t path[MAX_PATH+1] = {0};
if (SHGetFolderPathW(NULL, CSIDL_DESKTOP, NULL, 0, path) != S_OK)
{
MessageBoxW(NULL, L"ERROR in SHGetFolderPathW", L"TEST", MB_OK);
return -1;
}
MessageBoxW(NULL, path, L"TEST", MB_OK);
int pathlen = lstrlenW(path);
int len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, path, pathlen, buffer, buflen, NULL, NULL);
if (len <= 0)
{
MessageBoxW(NULL, L"ERROR in WideCharToMultiByte", L"TEST", MB_OK);
return -1;
}
if (!buffer)
++len;
else if (len < buflen)
buffer[len] = 0;
return len;
}
答案 1 :(得分:-1)
有一种比WidecharToMultibyte
wstring wcharthingy = wstring(widechar);
string convertedthingy = string(wcharthingy.Begin(),wcharthingy.end())
这是更多伪代码,因为我不记得确切,但Visual Studio或XCode可能会纠正你。