运行SAS程序时，我始终遇到“锁定不可用”错误。如果我在一个程序中多次对同一数据集执行操作，通常会发生这种情况。在研究了这个错误后，我的理解是这意味着2个程序正在尝试访问同一个数据集。换句话说，它类似于尝试打开已经被其他人或您自己使用的文档。以下是给出此错误的代码示例：
data TSTONE.map;
infile <PATH> delimiter = ',' truncover firstobs=2 dsd TERMSTR=cr LRECL=32760;
format assessment_edition $45.;
format ...
input
assessment_edition :$45.
...
;
run;
data tstone.map;
set tstone.map;
drop DistrictName ...;
run;
我在一些地方输入“...”，我有很长的要导入或删除的字段列表。所以，首先我导入一个CSV文件，然后执行数据步骤来覆盖文件，删除一些我不需要的字段。我应该注意，有时当我运行这样的程序时，我没有遇到任何锁定错误。没有其他用户访问这些数据集，它们是我的机器本地的。此外，如果我按顺序突出显示并运行2个数据步骤，则不会出现任何问题。
答案 0 :(得分：6)
编辑10/8/2015：此答案中的宏已于2015年10月8日更新。通常更好的调试信息，添加了很好地终止SAS的选项，无论是以批处理还是交互模式运行。
EDIT 12/8/2014：此答案中的宏已于12/8/2014更新。如果你之前有一个版本，如果你的libname包含数百或数千个数据集，你会发现锁定时间很慢。下面的更新版本已修复此问题。
答案：我们的数据集每隔几分钟就会更新一次，同时我们需要使用特殊报告和预定报告来访问这些数据集。为了克服锁定问题，我们创建了宏来在使用它们之前锁定和解锁表。它已经运行了近一年没有任何报告错误（我们已经解决了我们遇到的所有错误）。
用法：
会议A中的节目：
%lock(iDs=sashelp.class);
** READ TABLE;
%unlock(iDs=sashelp.class);
会议B中的节目：
%lock(iDs=sashelp.class);
** UPDATE TABLE;
%unlock(iDs=sashelp.class);
它如何运作....让我们说会话B首先启动。它将在执行更新之前锁定数据集。会话A想要使用相同的表（而B仍在更新）。在会话A尝试对其执行任何操作之前，它将检查它是否已锁定。如果它被锁定，会话A将等待一段时间（默认= 5分钟），然后才决定放弃。如果会话B在5分钟内完成，它将释放锁定，会话A将锁定它并继续使用非智慧。会话A将在完成后解锁。有许多其他选项可以根据需要传递，以便在无法获得锁定时自定义处理方法。
%lock宏：
/******************************************************************************
** PROGRAM: MACRO.LOCK.SAS
**
** DESCRIPTION: LOCKS A SAS TABLE SO THAT YOU CAN DO WHAT IT IS YOU NEED TO DO.
**
** PARAMETERS: iDS : THE TABLE TO TRY AND LOCK.
** iTIMEOUT: THE MAXIMUM # OF SECONDS TO WAIT TRYING TO GET THE LOCK.
** iRETRY : HOW OFTEN TO RETRY GETTING THE LOCK (IN SECONDS)
** iVERBOSE: WHETHER TO PRINT OUT DEBUGGING INFO
** iEndQuietlyOnTimeout: EXIT SAS IF THE LOCK FAILS
** iIgnoreError: IGNORE ERRORS IF DATASET DOESNT EXIST AND CANT BE LOCKED
**
*******************************************************************************
** VERSION:
** 2.0 ON: 13-NOV-14 BY: RP
** CHANGED METHOD OF CHECKING WHETHER FILE EXISTS TO USE THE FILEEXIST
** FUNCTION. MUCH BETTERER.
** 2.1 ON: 14-SEP-15 BY: MS
** ADDED OPTIONAL FLAG TO IGNORE ERRORS WHILE ATTEMPTING A LOCK. MUCH BETTERERER.
** 2.2 ON: 25-SEP-15 BY: RP
** HANDLED FAILS BETTERERER. MADE WORDS IN LOG MORE BETTERERER TOO.
******************************************************************************/
%macro lock(iDs=, iTimeOut=600, iRetry=3, iVerbose=1, iEndSasQuietlyOnTimeout=0, iIgnoreError=0);
%global lock_lock_failed ;
%local starttime lib mbr physical_filename;
%let starttime = %sysfunc(datetime());
%let lock_lock_failed = 1;
/*
** MAKE SURE THE REQUIRED DS IS NOT A VIEW.
** TODO. CHANGE THIS TO ACCEPT 1 WORD DATA SET REFERENCES
*/
%let lib = %sysfunc(pathname(%sysfunc(scan(&iDs,1))));
%let mbr = %sysfunc(scan(&iDs,2));
%let physical_filename = &lib\&mbr..sas7bdat;
%if not %sysfunc(fileexist(&physical_filename)) %then %do;
%if not &iIgnoreError %then %do;
%put &err: (MACRO.LOCK.SAS) THE DATASET YOU TRIED TO LOCK DOES NOT EXIST (OR YOU TRIED TO LOCK A VIEW WHICH IS NOT POSSIBLE). ;
%put &err: (MACRO.LOCK.SAS) THE DATASET NAME WAS &iDs . EXITING SAS.;
%stop_sas;
%end;
%else %do;
%put NOTE: (MACRO.LOCK.SAS) THE DATASET YOU TRIED TO LOCK DOES NOT EXIST (OR YOU TRIED TO LOCK A VIEW WHICH IS NOT POSSIBLE). ;
%put NOTE: (MACRO.LOCK.SAS) CONTINUUING DESPITE FAILURE TO LOCK AS iIgnoreError=&iIgnoreError ;
%end;
%end;
%else %do;
%do %until(&lock_lock_failed eq 0 or %sysevalf(%sysfunc(datetime()) gt (&starttime + &iTimeOut)));
%if &iVerbose %then %do;
%put trying open ...;
%end;
data _null_;
dsid = 0;
do until (dsid gt 0 or datetime() gt (&starttime + &iTimeOut));
dsid = open("&iDs");
if (dsid eq 0) then do;
rc = sleep(&iRetry);
end;
end;
if (dsid gt 0) then do;
rc = close(dsid);
end;
run;
%if &iVerbose %then %do;
%put trying lock ...;
%end;
lock &iDs;
%if &syslckrc eq 0 %then %do;
%let lock_lock_failed = 0;
%end;
%else %do;
/*
** THIS WILL ONLY HAPPEN WHEN THE DATASET IS BEING VIEWED IN AN INTERACTIVE SESSION.
** THE OPEN FUNCTION WILL SAY ITS ABLE TO OPEN THE DATASET BUT THEN THE LOCK FUNCTION
** WILL FAIL. WHEN THIS HAPPENS SLEEP HERE AS WELL SO THAT WE DONT GET THOUSANDS OF LOCK
** ATTEMPTS IN THE LOG FILE.
*/
%let rc = %sysfunc(sleep(%eval(&iRetry * 5)));
%end;
%if &iVerbose %then %do;
%put syslckrc=&syslckrc;
%end;
%end;
%if &lock_lock_failed %then %do;
%if &iEndSasQuietlyOnTimeout %then %do;
%stop_sas;
%end;
%put &err: (MACRO.LOCK.SAS) COULD NOT LOCK DATASET BEFORE TIMEOUT (&iTimeOut) OCCURRED.;
%end;
%end;
%mend;
解锁宏：
/******************************************************************************
** PROGRAM: MACRO.UNLOCK.SAS
**
** DESCRIPTION: UNLOCKS A SAS TABLE LOCKED WITH MACROS.LOCK.SAS.
**
** PARAMETERS: iDS : THE TABLE TO TRY AND UNLOCK.
**
*******************************************************************************
** VERSION:
** 1.0 ON: 07-OCT-11 BY: RP
** CREATED.
******************************************************************************/
%macro unlock(iDs=);
/*
** ONLY UNLOCK IF THE LOCK WAS SUCCESSFUL
*/
%if %symexist(lock_lock_failed) %then %do;
%if &lock_lock_failed eq 0 %then %do;
lock &iDs clear;
%end;
%else %do;
%put ATTEMPT TO UNLOCK WAS IGNORED AS ATTEMPT TO LOCK FAILED.;
%end;
%end;
%else %do;
%put ATTEMPT TO UNLOCK WAS IGNORED AS NO ATTEMPT TO LOCK WAS MADE.;
%end;
%mend;
这些程序还需要一些其他实用程序宏。
IsDir宏：
/******************************************************************************
** PROGRAM: CMN_MAC.ISDIR.SAS
**
** DESCRIPTION: DETERMINES IF THE SPECIFIED PATH EXISTS OR NOT.
** RETURNS: 0 IF THE PATH DOES NOT EXIST OR COULD NOT BE OPENED.
** 1 IF THE PATH EXISTS AND CAN BE OPENED.
**
** PARAMETERS: iPath: THE FULL PATH TO EXAMINE. NOTE THAT / AND \ ARE TREATED
** THE SAME SO &SASDIR/COMMON/MACROS IS THE SAME AS
** &SASDIR\COMMON\MACROS.
**
*******************************************************************************
** VERSION:
** 1.0 ON: 13-JUL-07 BY: RP
** CREATED.
** 1.1 ON: 29-APR-10 BY: RP
** ADDED CLEANUP CODE SO FILES WOULD NOT REMAIN LOCKED.
** 1.2 ON: 15-APR-14 BY: JG
** ADDED MORE DEBUGGING INFO.
** 1.3 ON: 12-DEC-14 BY: RP
** CLEANED UP DEBUGGING INFO TO A SINGLE LINE
******************************************************************************/
%macro isDir(iPath=,iQuiet=1);
%local result dname did rc;
%let result = 0;
%let check_file_assign = %sysfunc(filename(dname,&iPath));
%put ASSIGNED FILEREF (0=yes, 1=no)? &check_file_assign &iPath;
%if not &check_file_assign %then %do;
%let did = %sysfunc(dopen(&dname));
%if &did %then %do;
%let result = 1;
%end;
%else %if not &iQuiet %then %do;
%put &err: (ISDIR MACRO).;
%put %sysfunc(sysmsg());
%end;
%let rc = %sysfunc(dclose(&did));
%end;
%else %if not &iQuiet %then %do;
%put &err: (ISDIR MACRO).;
%put %sysfunc(sysmsg());
%end;
&result
%mend;
/*%put %isDir(iPath=&sasdir\commonn\macros);*/
/*%put %isDir(iPath=&sasdir/kxjfdkebnefe);*/
/*%put %isDir(iPath=&sasdir/kxjfdkebnefe, iQuiet=0);*/
/*%put %isDir(iPath=c:\temp);*/
FileList Macro：
/******************************************************************************
** PROGRAM: MACRO.FILE_LIST.SAS
**
** DESCRIPTION: RETURNS THE LIST OF FILES IN A DIRECTORY SEPERATED BY THE
** SPECIFIED DELIMITER. RETURNS AN EMPTY STRING IF THE THE
** DIRECTORY CAN'T BE READ OR DOES NOT EXIST.
**
** PARAMETERS: iPath: THE FULL PATH TO EXAMINE. NOTE THAT / AND \ ARE TREATED
** THE SAME SO &SASDIR/COMMON/MACROS IS THE SAME AS
** &SASDIR\COMMON\MACROS. WORKS WITH BOTH UNIX AND WINDOWS.
**
*******************************************************************************
** VERSION:
** 1.0 ON: 17-JUL-07 BY: RP
** CREATED.
** 1.1 ON: 29-APR-10 BY: RP
** ADDED CLEANUP CODE SO FILES WOULD NOT REMAIN LOCKED.
** FIXED ERROR OCCURRING WHEN IPATH DID NOT EXIST.
** 1.2 ON: 18-AUG-10 BY: RP
** CATERED FOR MACRO CHARS IN FILENAMES
** 1.3 ON: 14-APR-14 BY: RP&JG
** ADDED MORE DEBUGGING INFO TO CHECK PATH
** 1.4 ON: 13-NOV-14 BY: RP
** CHANGED PROGRAM FLOW TO MAKE IT BOTH EASIER TO READ AND TO
** REDUCE UNNECESSARY CHECKS / IMPROVE PERFORMANCE.
******************************************************************************/
/*
** TODO. THERES ABOUT 100 WAYS THIS COULD BE IMPROVED. DO IT SOMETIME.
** SIMPLY IF STATEMENTS FOR FILTERS.
*/
%macro file_list(iPath=, iFilter=, iFiles_only=0, iDelimiter=|);
%local result did dname cnt num_members filename rc check_dir_exist check_file_assign;
%let result=;
%let check_dir_exist = %isDir(iPath=&iPath);
%let check_file_assign = %sysfunc(filename(dname,&iPath));
%put The desired path: &iPath;
%if &check_dir_exist and not &check_file_assign %then %do;
%let did = %sysfunc(dopen(&dname));
%let num_members = %sysfunc(dnum(&did));
%do cnt=1 %to &num_members;
%let filename = %qsysfunc(dread(&did,&cnt));
%if "&filename" ne "" %then %do;
%if "&iFilter" ne "" %then %do;
%if %index(%lowcase(&filename),%lowcase(&iFilter)) eq 0 %then %do;
%goto next;
%end;
%end;
%if &iFiles_only %then %do;
%if %isDir(iPath=%nrbquote(&iPath/&filename)) %then %do;
%goto next;
%end;
%end;
%let result = &result%str(&iDelimiter)&filename;
%next:
%end;
%else %do;
%put ERROR: (CMN_MAC.FILE_LIST) FILE CANNOT BE READ.;
%put %sysfunc(sysmsg());
%end;
%end;
%let rc = %sysfunc(dclose(&did));
%end;
%else %do;
%put ERROR: (CMN_MAC.FILE_LIST) PATH DOES NOT EXIST OR CANNOT BE OPENED.;
%put %sysfunc(sysmsg());
%put DIRECTORY EXISTS (1-yes, 0-no)? &check_dir_exist;
%put ASSIGN FILEREF SUCCESSFUL (0-yes, 1-no)? &check_file_assign;
%end;
/*
** RETURN THE RESULT. TRIM THE LEADING DELIMITER OFF THE FRONT OF THE RESULTS.
*/
%if "&result" ne "" %then %do;
%qsubstr(%nrbquote(&result),2)
%end;
%mend;
/*%put %file_list(iPath=e:\blah\);*/
/*%put %file_list(iPath=e:\SASDev);*/
/*%put %file_list(iPath=e:\SASDev\,iFiles_only=1);*/
/*%put %file_list(iPath=e:\sasdev\,iFiles_only=1,iFilter=auto);*/
stop_sas宏：
/******************************************************************************
** PROGRAM: MACRO.STOP_SAS.SAS
**
** DESCRIPTION: SIMPLE MACRO TO UNCONDITIONALLY END THE CURRENTLY RUNNING SAS CODE
**
** PARAMETERS: NONEE
**
*******************************************************************************
** VERSION:
** 1.0 ON: 25-SEP-15 BY: RP
** CREATED
** 1.1 ON: 05-OCT-15 BY: RP
** FIXED TYPO TO AVOID WARNING MESSAGE
******************************************************************************/
%macro stop_sas;
%if "&sysenv" eq "FORE" %then %do;
%abort cancel;
%end;
%else %do;
endsas;
%end;
%mend;
答案 1 :(得分：3)
首先，锁定错误可能只是时间问题。服务器可能尚未解锁先前导入的文件。解决方法是不重用数据集名称;如果您需要执行一些临时工作，请将文件导入临时（work.）数据集，然后将该数据集设置为tstone.数据集。我发现服务器上更可能出现锁定错误（特别是使用NAS），因为那里可能存在更多延迟;在本地磁盘上，文件锁定的延迟通常很短，以至于不会发生（但并非不可能）。
其次，DROP（如KEEP和RENAME）可以在数据集选项中完成，几乎在OUT =或SET或任何类似的东西存在的任何地方。例如，你可以做
proc import file=<whatever> out=tstone.map(drop=... list of drops...);
run;
没有理由强制SAS重新处理整个数据集只是为了删除一些变量。
答案 2 :(得分：2)
当我在％do循环中运行proc append时，我遇到了同样的问题：
%do i=1996 %to 2013;
proc append base=inscat.pc_all data = pc&i. force;
run; quit;
%end;
这是在我的本地计算机上，所以没有其他人试图访问数据集。发生的事情是循环运行得如此之快以至于基础文件在开始编写循环的下一部分之前没有关闭。经过大量的研究并尝试了许多复杂的解决方案之后，事实证明，您可以在声明失败锁定之前延长SAS等待的时间。您在创建库时执行此操作：
libname inscat 'C:\Users\...\insurercat\data' filelockwait=5;
这只是将等待时间延长到5秒，然后SAS决定它是一个锁定错误（我相信默认值为0）。这个简单的选项修复了我遇到的所有锁定问题。