我被要求在10GB大且有1GB RAM的大文件中找到字符串“And”的出现次数。我该如何有效地做到这一点。我回答说我们需要以每个100MB的内存块读取文件,然后在每个内存块中找到“And”的总出现次数,并保持字符串“And”的累积计数。面试官对我的回答不满意,他告诉我grep命令如何在unix中运行。编写类似于python中的代码,但我不知道答案。我很感激回答这个问题。
答案 0 :(得分:5)
迭代文件,返回行。在这种情况下,它很容易,因为搜索字符串不包含行尾字符,所以我们不需要担心跨越行的匹配。
with open("file.txt") as fin:
print sum(line.count('And') for line in fin)
在每一行使用str.count
>>> help(str.count) Help on method_descriptor: count(...) S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
答案 1 :(得分:4)
如果您使用generators,则可以访问大文件并进行处理。
简单的grep命令,
def command(f):
def g(filenames, **kwa):
lines = readfiles(filenames)
lines = (outline for line in lines for outline in f(line, **kwa))
# lines = (line for line in lines if line is not None)
printlines(lines)
return g
def readfiles(filenames):
for f in filenames:
for line in open(f):
yield line
def printlines(lines):
for line in lines:
print line.strip("\n")
@command
def grep(line, pattern):
if pattern in line:
yield line
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
pattern = sys.argv[1]
filenames = sys.argv[2:]
grep(filenames, pattern=pattern)