可以通过模板间接访问基类中的私有类型

时间:2013-07-22 16:28:55

标签: c++ c++11 gcc4.7

我正在尝试在编译时选择要使用的类型,具体取决于某个类型是否在给定范围内公开可用。最好直接进入代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>

class Logger
{
  std::string _p;
public:
  Logger(std::string p): _p(p)
  { }

  void say(std::string message)
  { std::cout << _p << ' ' << message << std::endl; }
};

struct Log
{
  static Logger& log()
  {
    static Logger _def("Default: ");
    return _def;
  }
};

// 1.
template <typename P>
struct use_logger
{
  static std::size_t test(P*);
  static char test(...);
  static const bool value = sizeof(test(reinterpret_cast<P*>(0))) == sizeof(std::size_t);
};

class A
{
  struct Log
  {
    static Logger& log()
    {
      static Logger _def("A: ");
      return _def;
    }
  };
public:

  void say()
  {
    std::cout << "A: " << use_logger<Log>::value << std::endl;
    std::conditional<use_logger<Log>::value, Log, ::Log>::type::log().say("From A");
  }
};

class B
{
public:

  void say()
  {
    std::cout << "B: " << use_logger<Log>::value << std::endl;
    std::conditional<use_logger<Log>::value, Log, ::Log>::type::log().say("From B");
  }
};

class C : A
{
public:

  void say()
  {
    std::cout << "C: " << use_logger<Log>::value << std::endl;
    //2.
    std::conditional<use_logger<Log>::value, Log, ::Log>::type::log().say("From C");
    // Log::log().say("From C");
  }
};

class D : public A
{
public:

  void say()
  {
    // 2.
    std::cout << "D: " << use_logger<Log>::value << std::endl;
    std::conditional<use_logger<Log>::value, Log, ::Log>::type::log().say("From D");
    // Log::log().say("From C");
  }
};

int main(void)
{
  {
    A i;
    i.say();
  }
  {
    B i;
    i.say();
  }
  {
    C i;
    i.say();
  }
  {
    D i;
    i.say();
  }
}

我的目的是在A中,有Log类型,因此应该使用而不是全局::Log,而B则没有,它应该使用全局::Log。现在这两个都不管1.(我的错误测试,以查看该范围中的类型是私有),无论如何......

问题出在CD,通常情况下 - 如果没有测试,Log::log()会失败,因为它在A中是私有的。但是,如果使用std::conditional<>,则不会出现编译错误,并且输出不正确,因为它以A:为前缀。所以,我错过了什么(除了不正确的测试 - 我需要以某种方式修复......)?如果没有,那么这种方法是使用A法律在std::conditional中公开私有类型吗?

编辑:为了理智,我测试了以下内容:

std::conditional<false, Log, ::Log>::type::log("From C");
std::conditional<false, Log, ::Log>::type::log("From D");

它确实使用全局::Log,如果它是真的,它会以某种方式使用私有A::Log

EDIT2:事实上,这似乎是一个更一般的条件,即您可以通过模板间接访问轻松访问某些内部私有类型,例如:

class F
{
  struct Foo
  {
    void bar() { }
  };
};

template <typename T>
struct ExposeInternal
{
  typedef T type;
};

int main(void)
{
  {
    // We've got Foo!
    ExposeInternal<F::Foo>::type t;
    t.bar();
  }
  {
    // Below fails
    F::Foo t;
    t.bar();
  }
}

编辑3:好的 - 已经确认,这是一个报告的GCC错误,与std::conditional无关,尚未在4.7或4.8中修复。 http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=47346

我暂时将这个问题保持开放......稍后将以上述内容结束。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

我已经修改了你的例子,所以w / my gcc 4.8.1现在一切都按预期工作了(预期)。

关于原始代码的几点说明:

  • 当您想测试Log(使用use_logger)的辅助功能时,use_loggerA外部类的主要误解,BCD!它不能(按设计)访问该类的任何'cept public 成员!
  • 关于你的检查器的第二个方面:将类型Log传递给它,你将松开“上下文” - 即检查器不知道(并且它没有办法实现它与那个设计)“这种类型实际上是其他东西的嵌套类型?”
  • 并且最后use_logger只是错误:始终0重新解释为P* - 此代码没有其他可能性(解释方式)。 ..这类检查器背后的主要思想是形成一组“匹配”函数,然后,在实例化时,编译器将通过SFINAE删除不适当的(以及“回退”到通用test(...)重载)或接受一些最适合结果过载集。您的test(P*) 始终相关! - 这就是为什么它实际上没有选择任何东西......

所以,这是我的代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <type_traits>
#include <boost/mpl/eval_if.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/identity.hpp>

class Logger
{
    std::string _p;
public:
    Logger(std::string p): _p(p)
    { }

    void say(std::string message)
    {
        std::cout << _p << ' ' << message << std::endl;
    }
};

struct Log
{
    static Logger& log()
    {
        static Logger _def("Default: ");
        return _def;
    }
};

namespace details {
/// Helper class to check availability of a nested type \c Log
/// whithing \c T and it's static function \c log()
struct has_nested_logger_available_checker
{
    typedef char yes_type;
    typedef char (&no_type)[2];

    template <typename T>
    static no_type test(...);

    template <typename T>
    static yes_type test(
        typename std::add_pointer<
            decltype(std::is_same<decltype(T::Log::log()), Logger>::value, void())
        >::type
    );
};
}

/// Metafunction (type trait) to check is a nested type \c Log accessible
template <typename T>
struct has_nested_logger_available : std::is_same<
    decltype(details::has_nested_logger_available_checker::template test<T>(nullptr))
, details::has_nested_logger_available_checker::yes_type
>
{};

template <typename T>
struct access_nested_logger
{
    typedef typename T::Log type;
};

template <typename T>
struct logger_chooser : public boost::mpl::eval_if<
        has_nested_logger_available<T>
    , access_nested_logger<T>
    , boost::mpl::identity<::Log>
    >
{
};

class A
{
/// \attention I suppose original code has a typo here:
/// anything in a \c private section being inherited will be
/// \b inaccessible to a child with \c all kind of inheritance!
/// So if latter we want to use it from \c D, it \b must be at least
/// \c protected.
protected:
    struct Log
    {
        static Logger& log()
        {
            static Logger _def("A: ");
            return _def;
        }
    };

    /// \attention Checker and accessor \c MUST be a friend of this class.
    /// Cuz being called from \c A::say (which is actually a member, so it
    /// has full access to other members), it must have \b the same access
    /// as other (say) member(s)!!!
    friend struct details::has_nested_logger_available_checker;
    /// \todo Merge (actual) checker and "accessor" to the same class to
    /// reduce code to type... (a little)
    friend struct access_nested_logger<A>;

public:
    void say()
    {
        std::cout << "A: " << has_nested_logger_available<A>::value << std::endl;
        logger_chooser<A>::type::log().say("From A");
    }
};

class B
{
public:
    void say()
    {
        std::cout << "B: " << has_nested_logger_available<B>::value << std::endl;
        logger_chooser<B>::type::log().say("From B");
    }
};

class C : A
{
public:
    void say()
    {
        std::cout << "C: " << has_nested_logger_available<C>::value << std::endl;
        logger_chooser<C>::type::log().say("From C");
    }
};

/// With \c public inharitance, \c D can access \c public and/or \c protected
/// members of \c A. But not \c private !!!
class D : public A
{
public:
    /// \sa \c A
    friend struct details::has_nested_logger_available_checker;
    friend struct access_nested_logger<D>;

    void say()
    {
        std::cout << "D: " << has_nested_logger_available<D>::value << std::endl;
        logger_chooser<D>::type::log().say("From D");
    }
};

int main(void)
{
    {
        A i;
        i.say();
    }
    {
        B i;
        i.say();
    }
    {
        C i;
        i.say();
    }
    {
        D i;
        i.say();
    }
    return 0;
}

输出:

zaufi@gentop /work/tests $ g++ -std=c++11 -o so_log_test so_log_test.cc
zaufi@gentop /work/tests $ ./so_log_test
A: 1
A:  From A
B: 0
Default:  From B
C: 0
Default:  From C
D: 1
A:  From D

zaufi@gentop /work/tests $ g++ --version
g++ (Gentoo 4.8.1 p1.0, pie-0.5.6) 4.8.1
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software
see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty
not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.