Python列表结构修改

时间:2013-07-19 22:01:45

标签: python list

转换以下内容的最佳方式是什么:

myList = [
          ['ItemB','ItemZ'],
          ['ItemB','ItemP'],
          ['ItemB','ItemJ','Item6'],
          ['ItemB','ItemJ','Item5']
         ]

在Python中:

newList = ['ItemB',['ItemP','ItemZ',['ItemJ',['Item5','Item6']]]]

我能够使用按Len排序的递归函数来接近但是无法找出按字母顺序按Len排序的好方法。任何帮助将不胜感激!

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

也许不是最优雅的方式,但这似乎有效:

首先,我们使用defaultdict defaultdicts defaultdictsinfinitedict

将列表列表转换为字典
myList = [['ItemB','ItemZ'],['ItemB','ItemP'],['ItemB','ItemJ','Item6'],['ItemB','ItemJ','Item5']]

from collections import defaultdict
infinitedict = lambda: defaultdict(infinitedict)
dictionary = infinitedict()
for item in myList:
    d = dictionary
    for i in item:
        d = d[i]

现在,我们可以使用递归函数将该字典转换回树状列表:

def to_list(d):
    lst = []
    for i in d:
        lst.append(i)
        if d[i]:
            lst.append(to_list(d[i]))
    return lst

输出与预期输出略有不同,但这对我来说似乎更有意义:

>>> print to_list(dictionary)
['ItemB', ['ItemZ', 'ItemJ', ['Item6', 'Item5'], 'ItemP']]

或者,更接近您的预期结果(但仍然不完全相同,因为订单因为字典的中间步骤而被扰乱)使用此代替:

def to_list(d):
    return [[i] + [to_list(d[i])] if d[i] else i for i in d]

输出:

>>> print to_list(dictionary)[0]
['ItemB', ['ItemZ', ['ItemJ', ['Item6', 'Item5']], 'ItemP']]

答案 1 :(得分:1)

类似于tobias_k的答案,但是你想要的格式,排序和所有。 (我想。)好的,它已经过测试,现在似乎正在运作。

我们将路径列表转换为defaultdict的树,然后将基于defaultdict的树递归转换为基于列表的排序形式。

from collections import defaultdict

def tree():
    # A dict-based tree that automatically creates nodes when you access them.
    # Note that this does not store a name for itself; it's closer to a dropdown
    # menu than the little button you click to display the menu, or the contents
    # of a directory rather than the directory itself.
    return defaultdict(tree)

def paths_to_tree(paths):
    # Make a tree representing the menu.
    menu = tree()
    for path in myList:
        add_to = menu

        # Traverse the tree to automatically create new tree nodes.
        for name in path:
            add_to = add_to[name]
    return menu

def sort_key(item):
    if isinstance(item, list):
        return 1, item[0]
    else:
        # It's a string
        return 0, item

# Recursively turn the tree into nested lists.
def tree_to_lists(menu):
    lists = [[item, tree_to_lists(menu[item])] if menu[item] else item
             for item in menu]
    lists.sort(key=sort_key)
    return lists

# Note the [0].
output = tree_to_lists(paths_to_tree(myList))[0]