绘制直方图:如何使用存储在数据库中的数据从头开始绘制?

时间:2009-11-20 00:22:07

标签: python mysql graph gnuplot histogram

我有一些数据存储在这样的数据库中:

TableName:错误 表:

+------------+--------------+
| fault_type | total        |
+------------+--------------+
|    1       |            1 | 
|    2       |            3 | 
|    3       |            8 | 
|    4       |            2 | 
.............................

我该如何从这张表开始获得直方图?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

下面的解决方案假设你有MySQL,Python和GNUPlot。如有必要,可以对具体细节进行微调。发布它以便它可以成为其他同行的基准。

步骤1:确定图表的类型。

如果它是某种频率图,那么一个简单的SQL查询应该可以解决这个问题:

select total, count(total) from faults GROUP BY total;

如果您需要指定箱尺寸,请继续执行下一步。

步骤2:确保您能够使用Python连接到MySQL。您可以使用MySQLdb导入来执行此操作。

之后,为直方图生成数据的python代码如下(这是在5分钟内准确编写的,因此非常粗糙):

import MySQLdb

def DumpHistogramData(databaseHost, databaseName, databaseUsername, databasePassword, dataTableName, binsTableName, binSize, histogramDataFilename):
    #Open a file for writing into
    output = open("./" + histogramDataFilename, "w")

    #Connect to the database
    db = MySQLdb.connect(databaseHost, databaseUsername, databasePassword, databaseName)
    cursor = db.cursor()

    #Form the query
    sql = """select b.*, count(*) as total 
            FROM """ + binsTableName + """ b 
            LEFT OUTER JOIN """ + dataTableName + """ a 
            ON a.total between b.min AND b.max 
            group by b.min;"""
    cursor.execute(sql)

    #Get the result and print it into a file for further processing
    count = 0;
    while True:
        results = cursor.fetchmany(10000)
        if not results:
            break
        for result in results:
            #print >> output, str(result[0]) + "-" + str(result[1]) + "\t" + str(result[2])
    db.close()

def PrepareHistogramBins(databaseHost, databaseName, databaseUsername, databasePassword, binsTableName, maxValue, totalBins):

    #Connect to the database    
    db = MySQLdb.connect(databaseHost, databaseUsername, databasePassword, databaseName)
    cursor = db.cursor()

    #Check if the table was already created
    sql = """DROP TABLE IF EXISTS """ + binsTableName
    cursor.execute(sql)

    #Create the table
    sql = """CREATE TABLE """ + binsTableName + """(min int(11), max int(11));"""
    cursor.execute(sql)

    #Calculate the bin size
    binSize = maxValue/totalBins

    #Generate the bin sizes
    for i in range(0, maxValue, binSize):
        if i is 0:
            min = i
            max = i+binSize
        else:
            min = i+1
            max = i+binSize
        sql = """INSERT INTO """ + binsTableName + """(min, max) VALUES(""" + str(min) + """, """ + str(max) + """);"""
        cursor.execute(sql)
    db.close()
    return binSize

binSize = PrepareHistogramBins("localhost", "testing", "root", "", "bins", 5000, 100)
DumpHistogramData("localhost", "testing", "root", "", "faults", "bins", binSize, "histogram")

步骤3:使用GNUPlot生成直方图。您可以使用以下脚本作为起点(生成eps图像文件):

set terminal postscript eps color lw 2 "Helvetica" 20
set output "output.eps"
set xlabel "XLABEL"
set ylabel "YLABEL"
set title "TITLE"
set style data histogram
set style histogram cluster gap 1
set style fill solid border -1
set boxwidth 0.9
set key autotitle columnheader
set xtics rotate by -45
plot "input" using 1:2 with linespoints ls 1

将上述脚本保存到一些任意文件中,例如sample.script。继续下一步。

步骤4:使用带有上述输入脚本的gnuplot生成eps文件

gnuplot sample.script

没有什么复杂的,但我认为这段代码中的几个位可以重复使用。再说一遍,就像我说的那样,它并不完美,但你可以完成工作:)

致谢:

答案 1 :(得分:0)

This blog article可能对您有所帮助!它使用gnuplot讨论统计数据并将结果绘制成直方图。