出于安全原因,get_host()vs META ['REMOTE_ADDR']

时间:2013-07-14 00:36:48

标签: django django-forms django-views

我正在开发一个Django项目,用户可以根据自己的位置获得自定义信息。为此,我使用他们的IP地址来识别他们的国家。为了保持数据库中的数据一致,我需要确保我有一个准确的IP。

我知道使用META通常会使用客户端浏览器发送的标头,但我不知道这是否适用于REMOTE_ADDR属性。

TLDR:HttpRequest.get_host()HttpRequest.META['REMOTE_ADDR']之间有什么区别?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

HttpRequest.get_host()HttpRequest.META['REMOTE_ADDR']之间的区别在于,第一个按优先级递减的顺序检查以下标头中的IP:

  1. HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST
  2. HTTP_HOST
  3. SERVER_NAME combined with SERVER_PORT
  4. 而第二个检查标题REMOTE_ADDR中的IP。

    返回的信息类型存在巨大差异:get_host()将为您提供托管应用程序的服务器的名称,而不是客户端的IP。

    更详细地说,这是get_host()的实现:

    def get_host(self):
        """Returns the HTTP host using the environment or request headers."""
        # We try three options, in order of decreasing preference.
        if settings.USE_X_FORWARDED_HOST and (
            'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST' in self.META):
            host = self.META['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST']
        elif 'HTTP_HOST' in self.META:
            host = self.META['HTTP_HOST']
        else:
            # Reconstruct the host using the algorithm from PEP 333.
            host = self.META['SERVER_NAME']
            server_port = str(self.META['SERVER_PORT'])
            if server_port != ('443' if self.is_secure() else '80'):
                host = '%s:%s' % (host, server_port)
    
        allowed_hosts = ['*'] if settings.DEBUG else settings.ALLOWED_HOSTS
        domain, port = split_domain_port(host)
        if domain and validate_host(domain, allowed_hosts):
            return host
        else:
            msg = "Invalid HTTP_HOST header: %r." % host
            if domain:
                msg += "You may need to add %r to ALLOWED_HOSTS." % domain
            raise DisallowedHost(msg)
    

    如果您想检查客户端IP地址,可以参考以下标题(参见Getting the client IP address: REMOTE_ADDR, HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR, what else could be useful?):

    • REMOTE_ADDR
    • HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR
    • HTTP_CLIENT_IP
    • HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR可以是逗号分隔的IP列表
    • HTTP_X_FORWARDED
    • HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP
    • HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR
    • HTTP_FORWARDED

    如果您不知道要选择哪一个(如果不是全部),您可以记录这些标题并实际添加新的检查。