有一段时间我有点拼命想在我的应用程序中实现TLS 1.1。这背后的原因是使用SocketType.Raw套接字，因此我没有SslStream或其他更高级别的类。
到目前为止，我在TLS握手协议中遇到了Finished消息 - 继续在服务器响应中接收bad_record_mac（20）。密码套件为0x0005 - TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA。
以下是一些关于正在发生的事情的示例代码：
byte[] client_random, server_random = new byte[28];
byte[] pre_master_secret, master_secret;
byte[] client_write_MAC_secret, server_write_MAC_secret, client_write_key, server_write_key;
byte[] handshake_messages, verify_data;
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa;
List<X509Certificate2> certificates = new List<X509Certificate2>();
//certificates are added
rsa = (RSACryptoServiceProvider)certificates.First().PublicKey.Key;
private byte[] ClientKeyExchange()
{
pre_master_secret = new byte[48];
(new Random()).NextBytes(pre_master_secret);
//version 0302 for TLS 1.1
pre_master_secret[0] = 3;
pre_master_secret[1] = 2;
byte[] cryptedData = rsa.Encrypt(pre_master_secret, false);
//"1603020086"
string tmp_string = "100000820080" + Utils.BitConverter.ToString(cryptedData).Replace("-", "");
AddHandShakeData(Utils.BitConverter.StringToByteArray(tmp_string));
tmp_string =
"1603020086"
+ tmp_string
+ "140302000101" //Cipher Change Spec
+ "";
return Utils.BitConverter.StringToByteArray(tmp_string);
}
private void ComputeMasterSecret()
{
byte[] label = Utils.BitConverter.StringToByteArray(Utils.BitConverter.ConvertStringToHex("master secret", Encoding.ASCII));
byte[] seed = new byte[client_random.Length + server_random.Length];
Buffer.BlockCopy(client_random, 0, seed, 0, client_random.Length);
Buffer.BlockCopy(server_random, 0, seed, client_random.Length, server_random.Length);
master_secret = PRF(pre_master_secret, label, seed, 48);
}
private void ComputeKeys()
{
byte[] label = Utils.BitConverter.StringToByteArray(Utils.BitConverter.ConvertStringToHex("key expansion", Encoding.ASCII));
byte[] seed = new byte[client_random.Length + server_random.Length];
Buffer.BlockCopy(client_random, 0, seed, 0, client_random.Length);
Buffer.BlockCopy(server_random, 0, seed, client_random.Length, server_random.Length);
byte[] key_material = PRF(master_secret, label, seed, 72);
client_write_MAC_secret = new byte[20];
Buffer.BlockCopy(key_material, 0, client_write_MAC_secret, 0, 20);
server_write_MAC_secret = new byte[20];
Buffer.BlockCopy(key_material, 20, server_write_MAC_secret, 0, 20);
client_write_key = new byte[16];
Buffer.BlockCopy(key_material, 40, client_write_key, 0, 16);
server_write_key = new byte[16];
Buffer.BlockCopy(key_material, 56, server_write_key, 0, 16);
}
private void ComputeVerifyData()
{
byte[] label = Utils.BitConverter.StringToByteArray(Utils.BitConverter.ConvertStringToHex("client finished", Encoding.ASCII));
SHA1 sha1 = SHA1.Create();
MD5 md5 = MD5.Create();
md5.ComputeHash(handshake_messages);
sha1.ComputeHash(handshake_messages);
byte[] seed = new byte[md5.HashSize / 8 + sha1.HashSize / 8];
Buffer.BlockCopy(md5.Hash, 0, seed, 0, md5.HashSize / 8);
Buffer.BlockCopy(sha1.Hash, 0, seed, md5.HashSize / 8, sha1.HashSize / 8);
verify_data = PRF(master_secret, label, seed, 12);
}
private byte[] PRF(byte[] secret, byte[] label, byte[] seed, int output_size)
{
int md5_iterations = (int)Math.Ceiling((double)output_size / 16),
sha1_iterations = (int)Math.Ceiling((double)output_size / 20);
byte[] md5_data = new byte[output_size],
sha1_data = new byte[output_size];
//особое колдунство для нечетного числа
byte[] secret_1 = new byte[(int)Math.Ceiling((double)secret.Length / 2)],
secret_2 = new byte[(int)Math.Ceiling((double)secret.Length / 2)];
Buffer.BlockCopy(secret, 0, secret_1, 0, secret_1.Length);
Buffer.BlockCopy(secret, secret.Length / 2, secret_2, 0, secret_2.Length);
byte[] A = new byte[label.Length + seed.Length];
Buffer.BlockCopy(label, 0, A, 0, label.Length);
Buffer.BlockCopy(seed, 0, A, label.Length, seed.Length);
byte[] tmp = new byte[md5_iterations * 16];
//A(1) ?
//A = P_MD5(secret_1, A);
for (int i = 0; i < md5_iterations; i++)
{
A = P_MD5(secret_1, A);
Buffer.BlockCopy(A, 0, tmp, i * A.Length, A.Length);
}
Buffer.BlockCopy(tmp, 0, md5_data, 0, md5_data.Length); //output_size = md5_data.Length
tmp = new byte[sha1_iterations * 20];
//does it have to start with A(1) ?
//A = P_SHA1(secret_2, A);
for (int i = 0; i < sha1_iterations; i++)
{
A = P_SHA1(secret_2, A);
Buffer.BlockCopy(A, 0, tmp, i * A.Length, A.Length);
}
Buffer.BlockCopy(tmp, 0, sha1_data, 0, sha1_data.Length); //output_size = sha1_data.Length
for (int i = 0; i < output_size; i++)
md5_data[i] = (byte)(md5_data[i] ^ sha1_data[i]);
return md5_data;
}
private byte[] P_MD5(byte[] secret /*это ключ?*/, byte[] seed /*это дата?*/)
{
HMACMD5 HMD5 = new HMACMD5(secret);
HMD5.ComputeHash(seed);
return HMD5.Hash;
}
private byte[] P_SHA1(byte[] secret /*это ключ?*/, byte[] seed /*это дата?*/)
{
HMACSHA1 HSHA1 = new HMACSHA1(secret);
HSHA1.ComputeHash(seed);
return HSHA1.Hash;
}
private byte[] MAC(byte[] secret, byte[] data)
{
byte[] secret_64 = new byte[64];
Buffer.BlockCopy(secret, 0, secret_64, 0, secret.Length);
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
secret_64[i] = (byte)(secret_64[i] ^ (byte)54);
byte[] xor_output_data = new byte[64 + data.Length];
Buffer.BlockCopy(secret_64, 0, xor_output_data, 0, 64);
Buffer.BlockCopy(data, 0, xor_output_data, 64, data.Length);
SHA1 sha1 = SHA1.Create();
sha1.ComputeHash(xor_output_data);
secret_64 = new byte[64];
Buffer.BlockCopy(secret, 0, secret_64, 0, secret.Length);
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
secret_64[i] = (byte)(secret_64[i] ^ (byte)92);
xor_output_data = new byte[64 + sha1.HashSize / 8];
Buffer.BlockCopy(secret_64, 0, xor_output_data, 0, 64);
Buffer.BlockCopy(sha1.Hash, 0, xor_output_data, 64, sha1.HashSize / 8);
sha1.ComputeHash(xor_output_data);
return sha1.Hash;
}
public void RC4(ref Byte[] bytes, Byte[] key)
{
Byte[] s = new Byte[128];
Byte[] k = new Byte[128];
Byte temp;
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < 128; i++)
{
s[i] = (Byte)i;
k[i] = key[i % key.GetLength(0)];
}
j = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 128; i++)
{
j = (j + s[i] + k[i]) % 128;
temp = s[i];
s[i] = s[j];
s[j] = temp;
}
i = j = 0;
for (int x = 0; x < bytes.GetLength(0); x++)
{
i = (i + 1) % 128;
j = (j + s[i]) % 128;
temp = s[i];
s[i] = s[j];
s[j] = temp;
int t = (s[i] + s[j]) % 128;
bytes[x] ^= s[t];
}
}
显然，阅读这么多代码并不是花时间的最佳方式，所以我想补充一些问题，希望这些问题可以帮到很多：
HMAC_MD5和HMAC_SHA1 - 在.Net实现中，它们获取密钥，并且它们使用输入byte []来计算哈希值。根据{{3}}： 首先，我们定义一个数据扩展函数，P_hash（secret，data） 它使用单个哈希函数将秘密和种子扩展为 任意数量的输出：
P_hash(secret, seed) = HMAC_hash(secret, A(1) + seed) +
HMAC_hash(secret, A(2) + seed) +
HMAC_hash(secret, A(3) + seed) + ...
Where + indicates concatenation.
A() is defined as:
A(0) = seed
A(i) = HMAC_hash(secret, A(i-1))
什么是种子？是我们计算哈希的数据吗？ Secret = key，到目前为止我理解。另外，我们用A（1）启动P_hash吗？
提前致谢！
答案 0 :(得分：0)
Seed是Client_random + Server_random。您需要将它们保留在握手的前面步骤中，即client_hello和server_hello。
A(0) = seed
A(i) = HMAC_hash(secret,A(i-1)) for i>0
A（）函数的输出包括A（1），A（2），A（3）......