方形改造服务器模拟测试

时间:2013-07-09 09:29:48

标签: android testing mocking retrofit

使用square retrofit framework时,模拟服务器进行测试的最佳方法是什么。

潜在方式:

  1. 创建一个新的改造client并将其设置在RestAdapter.Builder()。setClient()中。这涉及解析Request对象并将json作为Response对象返回。

  2. 将此带注释的接口实现为模拟类,并使用它来代替RestAdapter.create()提供的版本(不测试gson序列化)

  3. 理想情况下,我希望模拟服务器提供json响应,以便我可以同时测试gson序列化。

    非常感谢任何例子。

11 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:91)

Mock Retrofit 2.0测试请求

由于创建MockClient类并从Client实现它的旧机制不再适用于Retrofit 2.0,因此我在这里描述了一种新的方法。您现在需要做的就是为OkHttpClient添加自定义拦截器,如下所示FakeInterceptor类只覆盖intercept方法,如果应用程序处于DEBUG模式,则返回给定的JSON。

RestClient.java

public final class RestClient {

    private static IRestService mRestService = null;

    public static IRestService getClient() {
        if(mRestService == null) {
            final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
            // ***YOUR CUSTOM INTERCEPTOR GOES HERE***
            client.interceptors().add(new FakeInterceptor());

            final Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
                            // Using custom Jackson Converter to parse JSON
                            // Add dependencies:
                            // com.squareup.retrofit:converter-jackson:2.0.0-beta2
                    .addConverterFactory(JacksonConverterFactory.create())
                            // Endpoint
                    .baseUrl(IRestService.ENDPOINT)
                    .client(client)
                    .build();

            mRestService = retrofit.create(IRestService.class);
        }
        return mRestService;
    }
}

IRestService.java

public interface IRestService {

    String ENDPOINT = "http://www.vavian.com/";

    @GET("/")
    Call<Teacher> getTeacherById(@Query("id") final String id);
}

FakeInterceptor.java

public class FakeInterceptor implements Interceptor { 
    // FAKE RESPONSES.
    private final static String TEACHER_ID_1 = "{\"id\":1,\"age\":28,\"name\":\"Victor Apoyan\"}";
    private final static String TEACHER_ID_2 = "{\"id\":1,\"age\":16,\"name\":\"Tovmas Apoyan\"}";

    @Override
    public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
        Response response = null;
        if(BuildConfig.DEBUG) {
            String responseString;
            // Get Request URI.
            final URI uri = chain.request().url().uri();
            // Get Query String.
            final String query = uri.getQuery();
            // Parse the Query String.
            final String[] parsedQuery = query.split("=");
            if(parsedQuery[0].equalsIgnoreCase("id") && parsedQuery[1].equalsIgnoreCase("1")) {
                responseString = TEACHER_ID_1;
            }
            else if(parsedQuery[0].equalsIgnoreCase("id") && parsedQuery[1].equalsIgnoreCase("2")){
                responseString = TEACHER_ID_2;
            }
            else {
                responseString = "";
            }

            response = new Response.Builder()
                    .code(200)
                    .message(responseString)
                    .request(chain.request())
                    .protocol(Protocol.HTTP_1_0)
                    .body(ResponseBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json"), responseString.getBytes()))
                    .addHeader("content-type", "application/json")
                    .build();
        }
        else {
            response = chain.proceed(chain.request());
        }

        return response;
    }
}

GitHub

上项目的源代码

答案 1 :(得分:78)

我决定尝试方法1如下

public class MockClient implements Client {

    @Override
    public Response execute(Request request) throws IOException {
        Uri uri = Uri.parse(request.getUrl());

        Log.d("MOCK SERVER", "fetching uri: " + uri.toString());

        String responseString = "";

        if(uri.getPath().equals("/path/of/interest")) {
            responseString = "JSON STRING HERE";
        } else {
            responseString = "OTHER JSON RESPONSE STRING";
        }

        return new Response(request.getUrl(), 200, "nothing", Collections.EMPTY_LIST, new TypedByteArray("application/json", responseString.getBytes()));
    }
}

使用它:

RestAdapter.Builder builder = new RestAdapter.Builder();
builder.setClient(new MockClient());

它运行良好,允许您测试您的json字符串,而无需联系真实的服务器!

答案 2 :(得分:19)

测试对象的JSON反序列化(可能是TypeAdapters?)似乎是一个需要单独进行单元测试的单独问题。

我亲自使用版本2。它提供了类型安全,重构友好的代码,可以轻松调试和更改。毕竟,如果你没有为测试创建它们的替代版本,那么将API声明为接口有什么用呢!胜利的多态性。

另一个选择是使用Java Proxy。这实际上是Retrofit(当前)实现其底层HTTP交互的方式。这无疑需要更多的工作,但可以实现更加动态的模拟。

答案 3 :(得分:8)

在转移到真实服务器之前,我是Apiary.io的忠实粉丝用于模拟API。

您也可以使用flat .json文件并从文件系统中读取它们。

您还可以使用Twitter,Flickr等可公开访问的API。

以下是一些有关Retrofit的其他重要资源。

幻灯片:https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/12Eb8OPI0PDisCjWne9-0qlXvp_-R4HmqVCjigOIgwfY/edit#slide=id.p

视频:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtM06W51pPw&feature=g-user-u

示例项目:https://github.com/dustin-graham/ucad_twitter_retrofit_sample

答案 4 :(得分:7)

你也可以使用像Squareup这样的Webservermock! - &GT; https://github.com/square/okhttp/tree/master/mockwebserver

答案 5 :(得分:7)

  1. 首先,创建您的Retrofit界面。

    public interface LifeKitServerService {
        /**
         * query event list from server,convert Retrofit's Call to RxJava's Observerable
         *
         * @return Observable<HttpResult<List<Event>>> event list from server,and it has been convert to Obseverable
         */
        @GET("api/event")
        Observable<HttpResult<List<Event>>> getEventList();
    }
    
  2. 您的请求者如下:

    public final class HomeDataRequester {
        public static final String TAG = HomeDataRequester.class.getSimpleName();
        public static final String SERVER_ADDRESS = BuildConfig.DATA_SERVER_ADDR + "/";
        private LifeKitServerService mServerService;
    
        private HomeDataRequester() {
            OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                    //using okhttp3 interceptor fake response.
                    .addInterceptor(new MockHomeDataInterceptor())
                    .build();
    
            Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
                    .client(okHttpClient)
                    .baseUrl(SERVER_ADDRESS)
                    .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create())
                    .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create(new Gson()))
                    .build();
    
            //using okhttp3 inteception to fake response.
            mServerService = retrofit.create(LifeKitServerService.class);
    
            //Second choice,use MockRetrofit to fake data.
            //NetworkBehavior behavior = NetworkBehavior.create();
            //MockRetrofit mockRetrofit = new MockRetrofit.Builder(retrofit)
            //        .networkBehavior(behavior)
            //        .build();
            //mServerService = new MockLifeKitServerService(
            //                    mockRetrofit.create(LifeKitServerService.class));
        }
    
        public static HomeDataRequester getInstance() {
            return InstanceHolder.sInstance;
        }
    
        public void getEventList(Subscriber<HttpResult<List<Event>>> subscriber) {
            mServerService.getEventList()
                    .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
                    .unsubscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
                    .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                    .subscribe(subscriber);
        }
    }
    
  3. 如果你使用第二种选择(使用Retrofit接口来模拟服务器数据),你需要MockRetrofit,使用代码如下:

    public final class MockLifeKitServerService implements LifeKitServerService {
    public static final String TAG = MockLifeKitServerService.class.getSimpleName();
    private BehaviorDelegate<LifeKitServerService> mDelegate;
    private Gson mGson = new Gson();
    
    public MockLifeKitServerService(BehaviorDelegate<LifeKitServerService> delegate) {
        mDelegate = delegate;
    }
    
    @Override
    public Observable<HttpResult<List<Event>>> getEventList() {
        List<Event> eventList = MockDataGenerator.generateEventList();
        HttpResult<List<Event>> httpResult = new HttpResult<>();
        httpResult.setCode(200);
        httpResult.setData(eventList);
    
        LogUtil.json(TAG, mGson.toJson(httpResult));
    
        String text = MockDataGenerator.getMockDataFromJsonFile("server/EventList.json");
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(text)) {
            text = mGson.toJson(httpResult);
        }
        LogUtil.d(TAG, "Text:\n" + text);
    
        text = mGson.toJson(httpResult);
    
        return mDelegate.returningResponse(text).getEventList();
    }
    
  4. 4.我的数据来自资产文件(Asset / server / EventList.json),此文件内容为:

        {
          "code": 200,
          "data": [
            {
              "uuid": "e4beb3c8-3468-11e6-a07d-005056a05722",
              "title": "title",
              "image": "http://image.jpg",
              "goal": 1500000,
              "current": 51233,
              "hot": true,
              "completed": false,
              "createdAt": "2016-06-15T04:00:00.000Z"
            }
          ]
        }
    

    5.如果您使用的是okhttp3拦截器,则需要自定义拦截器,如下所示:

    public final class MockHomeDataInterceptor implements Interceptor {
        public static final String TAG = MockHomeDataInterceptor.class.getSimpleName();
    
        @Override
        public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
            Response response = null;
    
            String path = chain.request().url().uri().getPath();
            LogUtil.d(TAG, "intercept: path=" + path);
    
            response = interceptRequestWhenDebug(chain, path);
            if (null == response) {
                LogUtil.i(TAG, "intercept: null == response");
                response = chain.proceed(chain.request());
            }
            return response;
        }
    
        private Response interceptRequestWhenDebug(Chain chain, String path) {
            Response response = null;
            if (BuildConfig.DEBUG) {
                Request request = chain.request();
                if (path.equalsIgnoreCase("/api/event")) {
                    //get event list
                    response = getMockEventListResponse(request);
                }
        }
    
        private Response getMockEventListResponse(Request request) {
            Response response;
    
            String data = MockDataGenerator.getMockDataFromJsonFile("server/EventList.json");
            response = getHttpSuccessResponse(request, data);
            return response;
        }
    
        private Response getHttpSuccessResponse(Request request, String dataJson) {
            Response response;
            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(dataJson)) {
                LogUtil.w(TAG, "getHttpSuccessResponse: dataJson is empty!");
                response = new Response.Builder()
                        .code(500)
                        .protocol(Protocol.HTTP_1_0)
                        .request(request)
                        //protocol&request be set,otherwise will be exception.
                        .build();
            } else {
                response = new Response.Builder()
                        .code(200)
                        .message(dataJson)
                        .request(request)
                        .protocol(Protocol.HTTP_1_0)
                        .addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json")
                        .body(ResponseBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json"), dataJson))
                        .build();
            }
            return response;
        }
    }
    

    6.最后,您可以向服务器请求代码:

    mHomeDataRequester.getEventList(new Subscriber<HttpResult<List<Event>>>() {
        @Override
        public void onCompleted() {
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onError(Throwable e) {
            LogUtil.e(TAG, "onError: ", e);
            if (mView != null) {
                mView.onEventListLoadFailed();
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onNext(HttpResult<List<Event>> httpResult) {
            //Your json result will be convert by Gson and return in here!!!
        });
    }
    

    感谢阅读。

答案 6 :(得分:6)

Mockery(免责声明:我是作者)专为这项任务而设计。

Mockery是一个模拟/测试库,专注于验证网络层,内置支持Retrofit。它根据给定Api的规格自动生成JUnit测试。这个想法不是必须手动编写任何测试;既没有实现模拟服务器响应的接口。

答案 7 :(得分:5)

添加@Alec的答案,我已经扩展了模拟客户端,直接从资产文件夹中的文本文件获取响应,具体取决于请求URL。

实施例

@POST("/activate")
public void activate(@Body Request reqdata, Callback callback);

这里模拟客户端知道激活的URL是激活的,并在assets文件夹中查找名为activate.txt的文件。 它从assets / activate.txt文件中读取内容,并将其作为API的响应发送。

这是扩展的MockClient

public class MockClient implements Client {
    Context context;

    MockClient(Context context) {
        this.context = context;
    }

    @Override
    public Response execute(Request request) throws IOException {
        Uri uri = Uri.parse(request.getUrl());

        Log.d("MOCK SERVER", "fetching uri: " + uri.toString());

        String filename = uri.getPath();
        filename = filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf('/') + 1).split("?")[0];

        try {
            Thread.sleep(2500);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        InputStream is = context.getAssets().open(filename.toLowerCase() + ".txt");
        int size = is.available();
        byte[] buffer = new byte[size];
        is.read(buffer);
        is.close();
        String responseString = new String(buffer);

        return new Response(request.getUrl(), 200, "nothing", Collections.EMPTY_LIST, new TypedByteArray("application/json", responseString.getBytes()));
    }
}

有关详细说明,您可以查看我的博客 http://www.cumulations.com/blogs/13/Mock-API-response-in-Retrofit-using-custom-clients

答案 8 :(得分:1)

JSONPlaceholder:用于测试和原型制作的假在线REST API

https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/

ReqresIn:另一个在线REST API

https://reqres.in/

邮差模拟服务器

如果要测试自定义的响应有效负载,以上两个可能不符合您的要求,则可以尝试邮递员模拟服务器。 设置起来非常容易,并且可以灵活地定义自己的请求和响应有效负载。

enter image description here https://learning.getpostman.com/docs/postman/mock_servers/intro_to_mock_servers/ https://youtu.be/shYn3Ys3ygE

答案 9 :(得分:0)

对我而言,由于灵活性,自定义Retrofit Client非常棒。特别是当你使用任何DI框架时,你可以快速简单地打开/关闭模拟。我正在使用Dagger提供的自定义客户端进行单元和集成测试。

编辑: 在这里,您可以找到模拟改造的示例 https://github.com/pawelByszewski/retrofitmock

答案 10 :(得分:0)

通过 Mockinizer ,使用Retrofit模拟api调用现在变得更加容易,这使得使用MockWebServer变得非常简单:

import com.appham.mockinizer.RequestFilter
import okhttp3.mockwebserver.MockResponse

val mocks: Map<RequestFilter, MockResponse> = mapOf(

    RequestFilter("/mocked") to MockResponse().apply {
        setResponseCode(200)
        setBody("""{"title": "Banana Mock"}""")
    },

    RequestFilter("/mockedError") to MockResponse().apply {
        setResponseCode(400)
    }

)

只需创建一个 RequestFilter和MockResponses 的映射,然后将其插入到OkHttpClient构建器链中即可:

OkHttpClient.Builder()
            .addInterceptor(loggingInterceptor)
            .mockinize(mocks) // <-- just plug in your custom mocks here
            .build()

您不必担心配置MockWebServer等。只需添加您的模拟,其余所有工作都由Mockinizer为您完成。

(免责声明:我是Mockinizer的作者)