Question

我有这样的数据结构：

{
 students: [
              { name: "john", school: 102, age: 4 },
              { name: "jess", school: 102, age: 11 },
              { name: "jeff", school: 108, age: 7 }
           ]
}
{
 students: [
              { name: "ajax", school: 100, age: 7 },
              { name: "achilles", school: 100, age: 8 },
           ]
}
{
 students: [
              { name: "bob", school: 100, age: 7 },
              { name: "manuel", school: 100, age: 8 },
           ]
}

我想更新文件，以便任何7岁的学生改为101学校。有没有办法在1次操作中做到这一点？

Answer 1

目前，mongo仅支持更新与指定c匹配的数组中的单个子文档。这适用于具有您基于更新的唯一标识符（例如_id）的子文档，但是当有多个符合条件的子文档（例如学生年龄）时不起作用。

为了证明这一点，我向第一批学生添加了一名学生“dupey”，所以新记录看起来像这样：

students: [
          { name: "john", school: 102, age: 4 },
          { name: "jess", school: 102, age: 11 },
          { name: "jeff", school: 108, age: 7 },
          { name: "dupey", school: 102, age: 7 }
       ]

以下是mongo update语句和更新完成后的数据结果：

> db.students.update({"students.age":7},{$set: {"students.$.school":101}},true,true);
> db.students.find({}, { _id: 0 });
{ "students" : [    {   "name" : "john",    "school" : 102,     "age" : 4 },    {   "name" : "jess",    "school" : 102,     "age" : 11 },   {   "name" : "jeff",    "school" : 101,     "age" : 7 },    {   "name" : "dupey",   **"school" : 102**,     "age" : 7 } ] }
{ "students" : [    {   "name" : "ajax",    "school" : 101,     "age" : 7 },    {   "name" : "achilles",    "school" : 100,     "age" : 8 } ] }
{ "students" : [    {   "name" : "bob",     "school" : 101,     "age" : 7 },    {   "name" : "manuel",  "school" : 100,     "age" : 8 } ] }

通知dupey的学校没有改变。有一个mongo功能请求支持此功能。在此之前，必须将其分解为多个语句。以下是几周前我遇到类似问题时编写的一些代码。

var mongoose = require('mongoose'),
    async = require('async');

mongoose.connect('mongodb://127.0.0.1/products');

var PartsSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
        type: String
        , partNbr: Number
    });

var ProductSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
        sku: { type: String, unique: true }
        , sku_type: String
        , parts: [PartsSchema]
    });

Product = mongoose.model('Product', ProductSchema);

Product.remove( function(err) {
        if (err) { console.log("unable to remove: " + err); return; }
    });

var cigars = new Product({
        sku: 'cigar123',
        sku_type: 'smoking',
        parts: [{type: 'tobacco', partNbr: 4}, {type: 'rolling paper', partNbr: 8}, {type: 'tobacco', partNbr: 4}]
    });

var cigarillo = new Product({
        sku: 'cigarillo456',
        sku_type: 'smoking',
        parts: [{type: 'tobacco', partNbr: 4}, {type: 'crush paper', partNbr: 12}]
    });

function updateProducts(sku_type, part_type, callback) {

    function updateProduct(product_record, callback) {

        function denormParts(part_records, sku_id) {
            var returnArray = [];
            part_records.forEach( function(item) {
                    var record = { sku_id: sku_id, part_type: item.type, part_id: item._id }
                    returnArray.push(record);
                });
            return returnArray;
        function updateParts(part_record, callback) {
            if (part_record.part_type != part_type) {
                return callback(null);
            }
            console.log("updating based on: " + part_record.sku_id + " " + part_record.part_id);
            Product.update( { _id: part_record.sku_id, 'parts._id': part_record.part_id },
                            { $set: { 'parts.$.partNbr': 5 } },
                            function(err, numAffected) {
                                if (err) { console.log("err4: " + err); return callback(err); }
                                console.log("records updated: " + numAffected);
                                callback(null);
                            });
        }

        var denormedParts = denormParts(product_record.parts, product_record._id);
        console.log("calling updateParts with: " + JSON.stringify(denormedParts));
        async.map(denormedParts, updateParts, function(err) {
                       if (err) { console.log("errored out: " + err); callback(err); }
                       callback(null);
                   });
    }

    Product.find({ "parts.type": part_type, "sku_type": sku_type },
                 function(err, docs) {
                     if (err) { console.log("err3: " + err); return callback(err); }
                     console.log(docs);
                     async.map(docs, updateProduct, function(err) {
                             if (err) { console.log("err4: " + err); return callback(err); }
                             callback(null);
                         });
                 }); // end Product.find                                                                                                                                                                
}


cigars.save(function(err, product1) {
        if(err) { console.log("err1: " + err); return err; }
        console.log("saved: " + product1);
        cigarillo.save(function(err, product2) {
                if(err){ console.log("err2: " + err); return err; }
                console.log("saved: " + product2);
                updateProducts('smoking', 'tobacco', function(err) {
                        Product.find({}, function(err, docs) {
                                if (err) { console.log("err5: " + err); return err; }
                                console.log("updated data: " + docs);
                                Product.remove(function(err) {
                                        if (err) { console.log("err6: " + err); return err; }
                                        process.exit();
                                    });
                            });
                    });
            });
    });

我希望此代码可以帮助您和遇到此问题的其他人。

Answer 2

您可以通过指定其位置来更新数组，例如：

 db.students.update({"students.age":7},{$set: {"students.$.school":101}},true,true)

mongodb update array任何匹配的索引

2 个答案: