我正在研究我的第一个主要python应用程序，并且在环境方面遇到了一些麻烦。我正在尝试使用python控制台（在pycharm中）。当我关闭控制台时，我得到了这个 -
sys.path.extend(['/home/scphantm/code/gitflow_plus', '/home/scphantm/code/gitflow_plus/gitflow', '/home/scphantm/code/gitflow_plus/bin', '/home/scphantm/code/gitflow_plus/tests'])
当我这样做时 -
>>> sys.path
['/usr/local/pycharm/helpers/pydev', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/GitPython-0.3.2.RC1-py2.7.egg', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gitdb-0.5.4-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/smmap-0.8.2-py2.7.egg', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/async-0.6.1-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-x86_64-linux-gnu', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PILcompat', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntu-sso-client', '/home/scphantm/code/gitflow_plus', '/home/scphantm/code/gitflow_plus/gitflow', '/home/scphantm/code/gitflow_plus/bin', '/home/scphantm/code/gitflow_plus/tests']
现在，如果我尝试对我的一个项目文件进行导入，我必须这样做，例如
import gitflow.conf.configmanager
而不是简单
import conf.configmanager
问题在于，配置管理器具有相对于gitflow文件夹的导入，但找不到这些导入。
我想我要求的是告诉python控制台有效地执行的命令
cd gitflow
* * 更多信息
>>> os.getcwd()
'/home/scphantm/Code/gitflow_plus/gitflow'
>>> from conf.configmanager import ConfigManager
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named configmanager
* * 目录结构
gitflow_plus (project root folder)
bin
gitflow
bin
conf
__init__.py
configmanager.py
class ConfigManager
__init__.py
exceptions.py
class exception1
class exception2
class exception3
tests
fixtures
gitflow
helpers
usecase
==================更多尝试
我一直在读，我找到了这个东西：
>>> __name__
'__main__'
>>> __package__
>>> __package__ = 'gitflow'
>>> from conf.configmanager import ConfigManager
/usr/local/pycharm/helpers/pydev/pydevconsole.py:1: RuntimeWarning: Parent module 'gitflow' not found while handling absolute import
try:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named conf.configmanager
===== 更多信息
>>> import conf.configmanager
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named configmanager
>>> dir(conf)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'conf' is not defined
>>> dir(gitflow)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'gitflow' is not defined
>>> import gitflow.conf.configmanager
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
File "/home/scphantm/code/gitflow_plus/gitflow/conf/configmanager.py", line 7, in <module>
from exceptions import NoRepositoryObject
ImportError: cannot import name NoRepositoryObject
>>> dir(sys)
['__displayhook__', '__doc__', '__egginsert', '__excepthook__', '__name__', '__package__', '__plen', '__stderr__', '__stdin__', '__stdout__', '_clear_type_cache', '_current_frames', '_getframe', '_mercurial', '_multiarch', 'api_version', 'argv', 'builtin_module_names', 'byteorder', 'call_tracing', 'callstats', 'copyright', 'displayhook', 'dont_write_bytecode', 'exc_clear', 'exc_info', 'exc_type', 'excepthook', 'exec_prefix', 'executable', 'exit', 'flags', 'float_info', 'float_repr_style', 'getcheckinterval', 'getdefaultencoding', 'getdlopenflags', 'getfilesystemencoding', 'getprofile', 'getrecursionlimit', 'getrefcount', 'getsizeof', 'gettrace', 'hexversion', 'last_traceback', 'last_type', 'last_value', 'long_info', 'maxint', 'maxsize', 'maxunicode', 'meta_path', 'modules', 'path', 'path_hooks', 'path_importer_cache', 'platform', 'prefix', 'py3kwarning', 'pydebug', 'setcheckinterval', 'setdlopenflags', 'setprofile', 'setrecursionlimit', 'settrace', 'stderr', 'stdin', 'stdout', 'subversion', 'version', 'version_info', 'warnoptions']
======================= 嘿，小霹雳。我退后一步，考虑可能“conf”这个词是一个保留字或者已经存在于某个地方的包。所以我重命名为配置。现在，我得到
>> import config.configmanager
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
File "/home/scphantm/code/gitflow_plus/gitflow/config/configmanager.py", line 7, in <module>
from exceptions import NoRepositoryObject
ImportError: cannot import name NoRepositoryObject
现在，从上面看到的目录结构中，您会看到异常位于项目的根目录中。为什么它现在能够找到模块和类，但模块代码无法在根目录中找到什么？
================================ 如果你想破解它，你们可以拉我的项目。它在
git@github.com:scphantm/gitflow_plus.git
=============== 我还在学习命令。当我这样做时
>>>sys.modules
{'heapq': <module 'heapq' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/heapq.pyc'>, 'code': <module 'code' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/code.pyc'>, 'distutils': <module 'distutils' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/__init__.pyc'>, 'functools': <module 'functools' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/functools.pyc'>, 'random': <module 'random' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/random.pyc'>, 'datetime': <module 'datetime' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/datetime.x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>, 'sysconfig': <module 'sysconfig' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/sysconfig.pyc'>, 'encodings.encodings': None, 'xml': <module 'xml' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/__init__.pyc'>, 'struct': <module 'struct' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/struct.pyc'>, 'tempfile': <module 'tempfile' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/tempfile.pyc'>, 'base64': <module 'base64' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/base64.pyc'>, 'pyexpat.errors': <module 'pyexpat.errors' (built-in)>, 'collections': <module 'collections' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/collections.pyc'>, 'distutils.types': None, 'zipimport': <module 'zipimport' (built-in)>, 'string': <module 'string' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/string.pyc'>, 'SocketServer': <module 'SocketServer' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/SocketServer.py'>, 'encodings.utf_8': <module 'encodings.utf_8' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/encodings/utf_8.pyc'>, 'ssl': <module 'ssl' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/ssl.pyc'>, 'distutils.re': None, 'httplib': <module 'httplib' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/httplib.pyc'>, 'config.exceptions': None, 'signal': <module 'signal' (built-in)>, 'threading': <module 'threading' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/threading.pyc'>, 'pyexpat.model': <module 'pyexpat.model' (built-in)>, 'distutils.version': <module 'distutils.version' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/version.pyc'>, 'cStringIO': <module 'cStringIO' (built-in)>, 'pygit2.repository': <module 'pygit2.repository' from '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pygit2/repository.pyc'>, 'xml.parsers.expat': <module 'xml.parsers.expat' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.pyc'>, 'encodings': <module 'encodings' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/encodings/__init__.pyc'>, 'BaseHTTPServer': <module 'BaseHTTPServer' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/BaseHTTPServer.py'>, 'pydev_imports': <module 'pydev_imports' from '/usr/local/pycharm/helpers/pydev/pydev_imports.pyc'>, 'config.distutils': None, 'abc': <module 'abc' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/abc.pyc'>, 'rfc822': <module 'rfc822' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/rfc822.pyc'>, 'urllib': <module 'urllib' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/urllib.pyc'>, 're': <module 're' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/re.pyc'>, 'math': <module 'math' (built-in)>, 'fcntl': <module 'fcntl' (built-in)>, 'UserDict': <module 'UserDict' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/UserDict.pyc'>, 'Queue': <module 'Queue' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/Queue.pyc'>, 'codecs': <module 'codecs' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/codecs.pyc'>, '_sysconfigdata_nd': <module '_sysconfigdata_nd' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-x86_64-linux-gnu/_sysconfigdata_nd.pyc'>, '_functools': <module '_functools' (built-in)>, 'socket': <module 'socket' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/socket.pyc'>, 'thread': <module 'thread' (built-in)>, 'StringIO': <module 'StringIO' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/StringIO.pyc'>, 'traceback': <module 'traceback' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/traceback.pyc'>, 'itertools': <module 'itertools' (built-in)>, 'config.os': None, 'os': <module 'os' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/os.pyc'>, '__future__': <module '__future__' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/__future__.pyc'>, '_collections': <module '_collections' (built-in)>, '_sre': <module '_sre' (built-in)>, '__builtin__': <module '__builtin__' (built-in)>, 'xml.parsers': <module 'xml.parsers' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/__init__.pyc'>, 'operator': <module 'operator' (built-in)>, 'xml.parsers.pyexpat': None, 'array': <module 'array' (built-in)>, 'distutils.string': None, 'select': <module 'select' (built-in)>, '_heapq': <module '_heapq' (built-in)>, 'posixpath': <module 'posixpath' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/posixpath.pyc'>, 'errno': <module 'errno' (built-in)>, '_socket': <module '_socket' (built-in)>, 'binascii': <module 'binascii' (built-in)>, 'sre_constants': <module 'sre_constants' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/sre_constants.pyc'>, 'os.path': <module 'posixpath' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/posixpath.pyc'>, 'config.pygit2': None, '_warnings': <module '_warnings' (built-in)>, 'pygit2._pygit2': None, 'encodings.__builtin__': None, '_codecs': <module '_codecs' (built-in)>, 'SimpleXMLRPCServer': <module 'SimpleXMLRPCServer' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/SimpleXMLRPCServer.py'>, 'pydev_console_utils': <module 'pydev_console_utils' from '/usr/local/pycharm/helpers/pydev/pydev_console_utils.pyc'>, '_sysconfigdata': <module '_sysconfigdata' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/_sysconfigdata.pyc'>, '_struct': <module '_struct' (built-in)>, 'hashlib': <module 'hashlib' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/hashlib.pyc'>, 'keyword': <module 'keyword' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/keyword.pyc'>, 'zlib': <module 'zlib' (built-in)>, 'posix': <module 'posix' (built-in)>, 'encodings.aliases': <module 'encodings.aliases' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/encodings/aliases.pyc'>, 'exceptions': <module 'exceptions' (built-in)>, 'sre_parse': <module 'sre_parse' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/sre_parse.pyc'>, 'mimetools': <module 'mimetools' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/mimetools.pyc'>, 'copy_reg': <module 'copy_reg' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/copy_reg.pyc'>, 'sre_compile': <module 'sre_compile' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/sre_compile.pyc'>, '_hashlib': <module '_hashlib' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_hashlib.x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>, '_random': <module '_random' (built-in)>, 'site': <module 'site' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/site.pyc'>, 'io': <module 'io' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/io.pyc'>, '__main__': <module '__main__' from '/usr/local/pycharm/helpers/pydev/pydevconsole.py'>, 'pyexpat': <module 'pyexpat' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/pyexpat.x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>, 'urlparse': <module 'urlparse' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/urlparse.pyc'>, 'strop': <module 'strop' (built-in)>, 'linecache': <module 'linecache' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/linecache.pyc'>, 'encodings.codecs': None, '_abcoll': <module '_abcoll' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/_abcoll.pyc'>, 'config': <module 'config' from '/home/scphantm/code/gitflow_plus/gitflow/config/__init__.pyc'>, 'pygit2': <module 'pygit2' from '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pygit2/__init__.pyc'>, 'genericpath': <module 'genericpath' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/genericpath.pyc'>, 'stat': <module 'stat' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/stat.pyc'>, '_ssl': <module '_ssl' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_ssl.x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>, 'warnings': <module 'warnings' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/warnings.pyc'>, 'pydevd_constants': <module 'pydevd_constants' from '/usr/local/pycharm/helpers/pydev/pydevd_constants.pyc'>, 'encodings.ascii': <module 'encodings.ascii' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/encodings/ascii.pyc'>, 'pydev_localhost': <module 'pydev_localhost' from '/usr/local/pycharm/helpers/pydev/pydev_localhost.pyc'>, 'textwrap': <module 'textwrap' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/textwrap.pyc'>, 'sys': <module 'sys' (built-in)>, 'codeop': <module 'codeop' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/codeop.pyc'>, 'pygit2.string': None, 'types': <module 'types' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/types.pyc'>, '_pygit2': <module '_pygit2' from '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/_pygit2.so'>, 'sitecustomize': <module 'sitecustomize' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/sitecustomize.pyc'>, '_weakref': <module '_weakref' (built-in)>, 'pygit2.version': <module 'pygit2.version' from '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pygit2/version.pyc'>, 'xmlrpclib': <module 'xmlrpclib' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/xmlrpclib.pyc'>, '_io': <module '_io' (built-in)>, '_weakrefset': <module '_weakrefset' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/_weakrefset.pyc'>, 'time': <module 'time' (built-in)>, 'gzip': <module 'gzip' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/gzip.pyc'>}
很长的事情，但有趣的是这条线
'exceptions': <module 'exceptions' (built-in)>
有趣的是包含所有异常的文件也称为异常。一旦我将该文件重命名为flow_exceptions，一切都亮了起来并且运行得很好。那只花了半天= - ）
答案 0 :(得分：3)
经过大量的调试，阅读和学习，我发现我的问题非常简单。命令
sys.modules
列出了python加载的所有模块。在读取该输出时，我意识到conf是一个模块，该模块在另一个已加载的模块中列出，并且模块异常由基本python使用。当我将conf重命名为flow_exceptions的配置和异常时，一切都运行良好。
谢谢大家。我将离开上面没有动摇，希望我的思考过程在调试这可以帮助别人。
答案 1 :(得分：1)
打开项目设置，然后“项目结构”FILE->SETTINGS->PROJECT STRUCTURE
浏览到您想要充当基本路径的目录，并将其分配给“sources”， import和autosuggest将根据您的要求开始工作。
答案 2 :(得分：0)
如果你真的只是想要cd gitflow，你可以使用os.chdir('gitflow')，但我不确定它是最优雅的解决方案。
import os
os.chdir('path/to/gitflow')
** 编辑：什么不起作用对我有用...... **
>>> os.getcwd()
'C:\\Development\\gitflow'
>>> from conf.configmanager import ConfigManager
>>> c = ConfigManager()
这里没有错误。我在Windows上使用Python 3.3。
答案 3 :(得分：0)
您是否尝试将应用目录标记为源根目录？右键单击PyCharm中的应用程序目录，然后将鼠标悬停在Mark Directory As菜单上，然后选择Source Root。这可能会有所帮助。
答案 4 :(得分：0)
似乎对我有用的是
import sys
sys.path.extend(['path/to/whatever'])
由于某种原因，如果目录被标记为'src'或者是否检查了在Python控制台中包含src文件的相关设置似乎并不重要。