我最近遇到了一个令人讨厌的问题，即Windows身份验证可以在IIS 7.5（Windows 7 Pro）的本地实例上运行到ASP.net 4.0站点。我按照基本步骤进行了操作。
IIS身份验证
编辑web.config
<authentication mode="Windows" />
这在启用Windows身份验证方面做得很好但是每次登录尝试都被拒绝并最终返回401.1错误。这就是问题的起源。似乎有很多原因可以在Web上详细记录，包括Stack Overflow。
我试过了：
但一切都无济于事，可怕的401.1仍然存在。
这确实是“看不见树木”的案例。我设法找到的所有解决方案（如果你愿意，都称之为糟糕的搜索参数）都没有为我工作，所以我认为值得发布这个问题，希望能提供一个明确的答案，对于遇到同样问题的人来说更容易找到
答案 0 :(得分：70)
现在的问题是Windows的现代版本（Windows XP SP2，Windows Server 2003 SP1及更高版本）包含环回检查安全功能，旨在帮助防止对计算机的反射攻击。因此，如果您使用的FQDN或自定义主机标头与本地计算机名称不匹配，则身份验证将失败。
可以通过显式指定主机名或禁用环回检查来解决此问题。显然前者是更有控制的方法。
有关如何操作的详细信息，请访问MSDN：896861
希望这可以帮助别人。如果您有任何其他建议或改进，请添加。
答案 1 :(得分：4)
我想添加Michael Dark的评论作为答案，因为我没有权限修改我的注册表，所以Pete的答案对我不起作用但是我能够解决问题。
我通过在我的网站上添加一个没有指定主机名和不同端口的新Binding来解决它（因为localhost：80用于我）。一旦我尝试从http://localhost:86/mypage调用它，它就有用了。在浏览器中快速检查后，我使用cURL测试了几次，它正确接受并拒绝了我的凭据。
答案 2 :(得分：2)
再次重新安装IIS功能，并确保选中WINDOWS auth复选框状态。
答案 3 :(得分：1)
这是我用来处理反向连接主机名和IIS的PowerShell代码。请注意，只需稍加工作，就可以将命令行开关保存到模块中并以这种方式使用。
Import-Module WebAdministration
function Add-BackConnectionHostname
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Adds the back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check.
.DESCRIPTION
Adds the hostname to the list of back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check. Back connection host names
can be used to address the problem with IIS sites using Windows Authentication that is described in Microsoft KB896861.
.EXAMPLE
Add-BackConnectionHostname mywebsite.mydomain.tld
.EXAMPLE
Add-BackConnectionHostname mywebsite1.mydomain.tld, mywebsite2.mydomain.tld
.PARAMETER Hostname
The Hostname to add to the back connection hostnames list.
.LINK
Remove-BackConnectionHostname
Get-BackConnectionHostname
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
param
(
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, Mandatory = $true)]
[string] $Hostname
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\MSV1_0"
$propertyName = "BackConnectionHostnames"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
$propertyValues = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($property -eq $null)
{
$property = New-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -Value $null -PropertyType ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::MultiString) -ErrorAction Stop
Write-Verbose "Created the $($propertyName) property."
}
if ($property -ne $null)
{
$propertyValues = $property.$propertyName
}
}
}
process
{
if ($property -ne $null)
{
foreach ($hostNameValue in $Hostname)
{
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($hostName) -eq $false -and $propertyValues -notcontains $hostNameValue)
{
$propertyValues += $hostNameValue
Write-Verbose "Added $($hostName) to the back connection hostnames."
}
else
{
Write-Verbose "Back connection host names already has an entry for $($hostName)."
}
}
}
}
end
{
if ($propertyValues -ne $null)
{
$propertyValues = $propertyValues | ?{ [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_) -eq $false } | Sort -Unique
Set-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -Value $propertyValues
}
}
}
function Remove-BackConnectionHostname
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Removes the hostname from the list of back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check.
.DESCRIPTION
Removes the hostname from the list of back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check.
.EXAMPLE
Remove-BackConnectionHostname mywebsite.mydomain.tld
.EXAMPLE
Remove-BackConnectionHostname mywebsite1.mydomain.tld, mywebsite2.mydomain.tld
.PARAMETER Hostname
The Hostname to remove from the back connection hostnames list.
.LINK
Add-BackConnectionHostname
Get-BackConnectionHostname
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
param
(
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, Mandatory = $true)]
[string] $Hostname
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\MSV1_0"
$propertyName = "BackConnectionHostnames"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
$propertyValues = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($property -ne $null)
{
$propertyValues = $property.$propertyName
}
else
{
Write-Verbose "The $($propertyName) property was not found."
}
}
}
process
{
if ($property -ne $null)
{
foreach ($hostNameValue in $Hostname)
{
if ($propertyValues -contains $hostNameValue)
{
$propertyValues = $propertyValues | ? { $_ -ne $hostName }
Write-Verbose "Removed $($hostName) from the $($propertyName) property."
}
else
{
Write-Verbose "No entry for $($hostName) was found in the $($propertyName) property."
}
}
}
}
end
{
if ($property -ne $null)
{
$propertyValues = $propertyValues | ?{ [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_) -eq $false } | Sort -Unique
if ($propertyValues.Length -ne 0)
{
Set-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -Value $propertyValues
}
else
{
Remove-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName
Write-Verbose "No entries remain after removing $($hostName). The $($propertyName) property was removed."
}
}
}
}
function Get-BackConnectionHostname
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets the list of back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check.
.DESCRIPTION
Gets the back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check. Back connection host names can be used to address
the problem with IIS sites using Windows Authentication that is described in Microsoft KB896861.
.EXAMPLE
Get-BackConnectionHostname
.LINK
Add-BackConnectionHostname
Remove-BackConnectionHostname
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $false)]
param
(
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\MSV1_0"
$propertyName = "BackConnectionHostnames"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($property -eq $null)
{
Write-Verbose "The $($propertyName) property was not found."
}
}
}
process
{
$propertyValues = $null
if ($property -ne $null)
{
$propertyValues = $property.$propertyName
}
return $propertyValues
}
end
{
}
}
function Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Enables the server loopback check. Enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server.
.DESCRIPTION
Enables the server loopback check. Having the loopback check enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server. Disabling the loopback check can be used to address
the problem with IIS sites using Windows Authentication that is described in Microsoft KB896861. It is NOT the preferred method. See the KB article for more details.
.EXAMPLE
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
.LINK
Add-BackConnectionHostname
Remove-BackConnectionHostname
Get-BackConnectionHostname
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
param
(
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa"
$propertyName = "DisableLoopbackCheck"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($property -eq $null)
{
Write-Verbose "The $($propertyName) property was not found."
}
}
}
process
{
if ($property -ne $null)
{
Set-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -Value 0
}
}
end
{
}
}
function Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Disables the server loopback check for all hostnames. Enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server.
.DESCRIPTION
Disables the server loopback check for all hostnames. Having the loopback check enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server. Disabling the loopback check can be used
to address the problem with IIS sites using Windows Authentication that is described in Microsoft KB896861. It is NOT the preferred method. See the KB article for more details.
.EXAMPLE
Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
.LINK
Add-BackConnectionHostname
Remove-BackConnectionHostname
Get-BackConnectionHostname
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
param
(
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa"
$propertyName = "DisableLoopbackCheck"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($property -eq $null)
{
Write-Verbose "The $($propertyName) property was not found."
}
}
}
process
{
if ($property -ne $null)
{
Set-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -Value 1
}
else
{
$property = New-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -PropertyType ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::DWord) -Value 1
}
}
end
{
}
}
function Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets the status of the server loopback check. Enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server.
.DESCRIPTION
Gets the status of the server loopback check. Having the loopback check enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server. Disabling the loopback check can be used
to address the problem with IIS sites using Windows Authentication that is described in Microsoft KB896861. It is NOT the preferred method. See the KB article for
more details.
.EXAMPLE
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
.LINK
Add-BackConnectionHostname
Remove-BackConnectionHostname
Get-BackConnectionHostname
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $false)]
param
(
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa"
$propertyName = "DisableLoopbackCheck"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
}
}
process
{
$loopbackCheckStatus = "Enabled"
if ($property -ne $null)
{
switch ($property)
{
0 { $loopbackCheckStatus = "Enabled" }
1 { $loopbackCheckStatus = "Disabled" }
default { $loopbackCheckStatus = "Unknown" }
}
}
return $loopbackCheckStatus
}
end
{
}
}
function Get-WebsiteHostname
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets the hostnames for the IP addresses bound to a web site.
.DESCRIPTION
Gets the hostnames for the IP addresses bound to a web site. Where a host header exists, the host header is used; otherwise, the IP address is looked up
in DNS to see if a PTR record exists.
.EXAMPLE
Get-WebSiteHostname $webSite
.EXAMPLE
Get-WebSiteHostname -Name 'Default Web Site'
.EXAMPLE
Get-Website | Get-WebSiteHostname
.LINK
Get-Website
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $false)]
param
(
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, Mandatory = $true)]
[string] $Name
)
process
{
$siteHostnames = @()
foreach ($webSiteName in $Name)
{
$bindings = Get-WebBinding -Name $Name
foreach ($binding in $bindings)
{
$bindingInfo = $binding.bindingInformation.Split(':')
$hostHeader = $bindingInfo[2]
$bindingInfoAddress = $null
$isValidIP = [System.Net.IPAddress]::TryParse($bindingInfo[0], [ref] $bindingInfoAddress)
$siteHostname = $null
if ($bindingInfo -eq '*')
{
Write-Warning "The $($webSiteName) web site has a binding address set to All Unassigned."
}
elseif ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($hostHeader) -eq $false)
{
$siteHostname = $hostHeader
Write-Verbose "The $($webSiteName) web site has a host header set to $($siteHostname)."
}
elseif ($isValidIP -eq $true)
{
$siteHostname = (Resolve-DnsName $bindingInfoAddress -DnsOnly PTR -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).NameHost
if ($siteHostname -ne $null)
{
Write-Verbose "The $($webSiteName) web site has an IP Address $($bindingInfoAddress) that resolves to $($siteHostname)."
}
else
{
Write-Warning "The $($webSiteName) web site has an IP Address $($bindingInfoAddress) with no PTR record."
}
}
}
if ($siteHostname -ne $null)
{
$siteHostnames += $siteHostname
}
}
return $siteHostnames | Sort -Unique
}
}
Get-Website | ?{ (Get-WebConfiguration -Filter '/system.web/authentication' -PSPath $_.PSPath).mode -eq 'Windows' } | Get-WebsiteHostname | Add-BackConnectionHostname