如何使用dart实现委托/代理?

时间:2013-07-03 07:54:37

标签: proxy delegates dart dart-mirrors nosuchmethod

我有两个类ParserProxy,当我从Parser调用一个不存在的方法时,它会将它委托给Proxy类。< / p>

我的代码:

class Parser {
    noSuchMethod(Invocation invocation) {
        // how to pass the `invocation` to `Proxy`???
    }
}

class Proxy {
    static String hello() { return "hello"; }
    static String world() { return "world"; }
}

当我写的时候:

var parser = new Parser();
print(parser.hello());

它将打印:

hello

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:7)

您必须使用 dart:mirrors 。这是怎么做的:

import 'dart:mirrors';

class Parser {
  noSuchMethod(Invocation invocation) {
    ClassMirror cm = reflectClass(Proxy);
    return cm.invoke(invocation.memberName
        , invocation.positionalArguments
        /*, invocation.namedArguments*/ // not implemented yet
        ).reflectee;
  }
}

class Proxy {
  static String hello() { return "hello"; }
  static String world() { return "world"; }
}

main(){
  var parser = new Parser();
  print(parser.hello());
  print(parser.world());
}

答案 1 :(得分:4)

Alexandre的回答是正确的,但我想补充一些内容。

我假设Proxy的委托是一个实现细节,我们不希望用户接触它。在这种情况下,我们应该对parser不支持的Proxy上调用方法的情况进行一些处理。现在,如果你这样做:

void main() {
  var parser = new Parser();
  print(parser.foo());
}

您收到此错误:

Unhandled exception:
Compile-time error during mirrored execution: <Dart_Invoke: did not find static method 'Proxy.foo'.>

我会在noSuchMethod中编写一些不同的代码。在委派给Proxy之前,我会检查Proxy是否支持我要调用的方法。如果Proxy支持它,我会调用Proxy上的方法,正如亚历山大在他的回答中所描述的那样。如果Proxy不支持该方法,我会抛出NoSuchMethodError

以下是答案的修订版本:

import 'dart:mirrors';

class Parser {
  noSuchMethod(Invocation invocation) {
    ClassMirror cm = reflectClass(Proxy);
    if (cm.methods.keys.contains(invocation.memberName)) {
      return cm.invoke(invocation.memberName
          , invocation.positionalArguments
          /*, invocation.namedArguments*/ // not implemented yet
          ).reflectee;
    }
    throw new NoSuchMethodError(this,
        _symbolToString(invocation.memberName),
        invocation.positionalArguments,
        _symbolMapToStringMap(invocation.namedArguments));
  }
}


String _symbolToString(Symbol symbol) => MirrorSystem.getName(symbol);

Map<String, dynamic> _symbolMapToStringMap(Map<Symbol, dynamic> map) {
  if (map == null) return null;
  var result = new Map<String, dynamic>();
  map.forEach((Symbol key, value) {
    result[_symbolToString(key)] = value;
  });
  return result;
}

class Proxy {
  static String hello() { return "hello"; }
  static String world() { return "world"; }
}

main(){
  var parser = new Parser();
  print(parser.hello());
  print(parser.world());
  print(parser.foo());
}

以下是运行此代码的输出:

hello
world
Unhandled exception:
NoSuchMethodError : method not found: 'foo'
Receiver: Instance of 'Parser'
Arguments: []

答案 2 :(得分:3)

我还要补充一点,如果你想要委托的东西是固定的,你可以避免使用镜像,你可以合理地硬编码。如果你使用的是静态方法,这一点特别容易,但我不清楚为什么你这样做。我认为以下内容适用于实例方法和静态方法,但我输入的代码却没有实际尝试...

Function lookupMethod(Proxy p, Symbol name) {
  if (name == const Symbol("hello")) return p.hello;
  if (name == const Symbol("world")) return p.world;
  throw "Aaaaaagh";
}

noSuchMethod(invocation) => 
    Function.apply(lookupMethod(Proxy, invocation.memberName),
        invocation.positionalArguments);

如果转发的方法集发生变化,这很脆弱,但如果你使用镜像(目前几乎所有的树木都不能停止),可能有助于避免代码大小的增加。

答案 3 :(得分:1)

此示例也可以帮助您理解:

void main() {
  var car = new CarProxy(new ProxyObjectImpl('Car'));
  testCar(car);

  var person = new PersonProxy(new ProxyObjectImpl('Person'));
  testPerson(person);
}

void testCar(Car car) {
  print(car.motor);
}

void testPerson(Person person) {
  print(person.age);
  print(person.name);
}

abstract class Car {
  String get motor;
}

abstract class Person {
  int get age;
  String get name;
}

class CarProxy implements Car {
  final ProxyObject _proxy;

  CarProxy(this._proxy);

  noSuchMethod(Invocation invocation) {
    return _proxy.handle(invocation);
  }
}

class PersonProxy implements Person {
  final ProxyObject _proxy;

  PersonProxy(this._proxy);

  noSuchMethod(Invocation invocation) {
    return _proxy.handle(invocation);
  }
}

abstract class ProxyObject {
  dynamic handle(Invocation invocation);
}

class ProxyObjectImpl implements ProxyObject {
  String type;
  int id;
  Map<Symbol, dynamic> properties;

  ProxyObjectImpl(this.type, [this.id]) {
    properties = ProxyManager.getProperties(type);
  }

  dynamic handle(Invocation invocation) {
    var memberName = invocation.memberName;

    if(invocation.isGetter) {
      if(properties.containsKey(memberName)) {
        return properties[memberName];
      }
    }

    throw "Runtime Error: $type has no $memberName member";
  }
}

class ProxyManager {
  static Map<Symbol, dynamic> getProperties(String name) {
    Map<Symbol, dynamic> properties = new Map<Symbol, dynamic>();
    switch(name) {
      case 'Car':
        properties[new Symbol('motor')] = 'xPowerDrive2013';
        break;
      case 'Person':
        properties[new Symbol('age')] = 42;
        properties[new Symbol('name')] = 'Bobby';
        break;
      default:
        throw new StateError('Entity not found: $name');
    }

    return properties;
  }
}