我正在寻找一种方法来调用带有lambda表达式的泛型方法,该表达式在一个项目数组中调用Contains。
在这种情况下,我正在使用Entity Framework Where方法,但该方案可以应用于其他IEnumerables。
我需要通过Reflection调用上面代码的最后一行,所以我可以使用任何类型和任何属性传递给Contains方法。
var context = new TestEntities();
var items = new[] {100, 200, 400, 777}; //IN list (will be tested through Contains)
var type = typeof(MyType);
context.Set(type).Where(e => items.Contains(e.Id)); //**What is equivalent to this line using Reflection?**
在研究中,我注意到我应该使用GetMethod,MakeGenericType和Expression来实现这一点,但我无法弄清楚如何去做。拥有这个样本非常有帮助,因此我可以理解Reflection如何与Lambda和Generic概念一起使用。
基本上,目标是编写正确版本的函数,如下所示:
//Return all items from a IEnumerable(target) that has at least one matching Property(propertyName)
//with its value contained in a IEnumerable(possibleValues)
static IEnumerable GetFilteredList(IEnumerable target, string propertyName, IEnumerable searchValues)
{
return target.Where(t => searchValues.Contains(t.propertyName));
//Known the following:
//1) This function intentionally can't be compiled
//2) Where function can't be called directly from an untyped IEnumerable
//3) t is not actually recognized as a Type, so I can't access its property
//4) The property "propertyName" in t should be accessed via Linq.Expressions or Reflection
//5) Contains function can't be called directly from an untyped IEnumerable
}
//Testing environment
static void Main()
{
var listOfPerson = new List<Person> { new Person {Id = 3}, new Person {Id = 1}, new Person {Id = 5} };
var searchIds = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
//Requirement: The function must not be generic like GetFilteredList<Person> or have the target parameter IEnumerable<Person>
//because the I need to pass different IEnumerable types, not known in compile-time
var searchResult = GetFilteredList(listOfPerson, "Id", searchIds);
foreach (var person in searchResult)
Console.Write(" Found {0}", ((Person) person).Id);
//Should output Found 3 Found 1
}
我不确定其他问题是否解决了这种情况,因为我认为我无法清楚地理解表达式是如何工作的。
更新
我不能使用Generics,因为我在运行时只有要测试的类型和属性(在Contains中)。在第一个代码示例中,假设在编译时不知道“MyType”。在第二个代码示例中,类型可以作为参数传递给GetFilteredList函数,也可以通过Reflection(GetGenericArguments)获取。
谢谢,
答案 0 :(得分:10)
经过广泛的研究和对表达式的大量研究后,我可以自己编写解决方案。它当然可以改进,但完全符合我的要求。希望它可以帮助别人。
//Return all items from a IEnumerable(target) that has at least one matching Property(propertyName)
//with its value contained in a IEnumerable(possibleValues)
static IEnumerable GetFilteredList(IEnumerable target, string propertyName, IEnumerable searchValues)
{
//Get target's T
var targetType = target.GetType().GetGenericArguments().FirstOrDefault();
if (targetType == null)
throw new ArgumentException("Should be IEnumerable<T>", "target");
//Get searchValues's T
var searchValuesType = searchValues.GetType().GetGenericArguments().FirstOrDefault();
if (searchValuesType == null)
throw new ArgumentException("Should be IEnumerable<T>", "searchValues");
//Create a p parameter with the type T of the items in the -> target IEnumerable<T>
var containsLambdaParameter = Expression.Parameter(targetType, "p");
//Create a property accessor using the property name -> p.#propertyName#
var property = Expression.Property(containsLambdaParameter, targetType, propertyName);
//Create a constant with the -> IEnumerable<T> searchValues
var searchValuesAsConstant = Expression.Constant(searchValues, searchValues.GetType());
//Create a method call -> searchValues.Contains(p.Id)
var containsBody = Expression.Call(typeof(Enumerable), "Contains", new[] { searchValuesType }, searchValuesAsConstant, property);
//Create a lambda expression with the parameter p -> p => searchValues.Contains(p.Id)
var containsLambda = Expression.Lambda(containsBody, containsLambdaParameter);
//Create a constant with the -> IEnumerable<T> target
var targetAsConstant = Expression.Constant(target, target.GetType());
//Where(p => searchValues.Contains(p.Id))
var whereBody = Expression.Call(typeof(Enumerable), "Where", new[] { targetType }, targetAsConstant, containsLambda);
//target.Where(p => searchValues.Contains(p.Id))
var whereLambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<IEnumerable>>(whereBody).Compile();
return whereLambda.Invoke();
}
答案 1 :(得分:4)
为了避免使用泛型(因为在设计时不知道类型)你可以使用一些反射并“手工”构建表达式
您需要通过在一个Where子句中定义“Contains”表达式来完成此操作:
public IQueryable GetItemsFromContainsClause(Type type, IEnumerable<string> items)
{
IUnitOfWork session = new SandstoneDbContext();
var method = this.GetType().GetMethod("ContainsExpression");
method = method.MakeGenericMethod(new[] { type });
var lambda = method.Invoke(null, new object[] { "Codigo", items });
var dbset = (session as DbContext).Set(type);
var originalExpression = dbset.AsQueryable().Expression;
var parameter = Expression.Parameter(type, "");
var callWhere = Expression.Call(typeof(Queryable), "Where", new[] { type }, originalExpression, (Expression)lambda);
return dbset.AsQueryable().Provider.CreateQuery(callWhere);
}
public static Expression<Func<T, bool>> ContainsExpression<T>(string propertyName, IEnumerable<string> values)
{
var parameterExp = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "");
var propertyExp = Expression.Property(parameterExp, propertyName);
var someValue = Expression.Constant(values, typeof(IEnumerable<string>));
var containsMethodExp = Expression.Call(typeof(Enumerable), "Contains", new[] { typeof(string) }, someValue, propertyExp);
return Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>(containsMethodExp, parameterExp);
}
在这种情况下,“Codigo”是硬编码的,但它可以是获取您定义的类型的任何属性的参数。
您可以使用以下方法对其进行测试:
public void LambdaConversionBasicWithEmissor()
{
var cust= new Customer();
var items = new List<string>() { "PETR", "VALE" };
var type = cust.GetType();
// Here you have your results from the database
var result = GetItemsFromContainsClause(type, items);
}
答案 2 :(得分:0)
您可以使用以下一组类来解决您的问题。
首先,我们需要创建一个Contains类,它将决定从源数组中选择哪些项目。
class Contains
{
public bool Value { get; set; }
public Contains(object[] items, object item)
{
Value = (bool)(typeof(Enumerable).GetMethods()
.Where(x => x.Name.Contains("Contains"))
.First()
.MakeGenericMethod(typeof(object))
.Invoke(items, new object[] { items, item }));
}
}
然后我们需要创建一个Where类,用于根据选择的项目形成谓词。应该很清楚,在我们的例子中,我们将使用Contains类作为谓词方法。
class Where
{
public object Value { get; set; }
public Where(object[] items, object[] items2)
{
Value = typeof(Enumerable).GetMethods()
.Where(x => x.Name.Contains("Where"))
.First()
.MakeGenericMethod(typeof(object))
.Invoke(items2, new object[] { items2, new Func<object, bool>(i => new Contains(items, i).Value) });
}
}
最后一步是简单地调用我们从Where类获得的结果,它实际上是Enumerable.WhereArrayIterator类型而不是List类型,因为Where Extension方法的结果是延迟执行的产物。
因此,我们需要通过调用其ToList扩展方法来创建非延迟对象,并获得我们的结果。
class ToList
{
public List<object> Value { get; set; }
public ToList(object[] items, object[] items2)
{
var where = new Where(items, items2).Value;
Value = (typeof(Enumerable).GetMethods()
.Where(x => x.Name.Contains("ToList"))
.First()
.MakeGenericMethod(typeof(object))
.Invoke(where, new object[] { where })) as List<object>;
}
}
最后,您可以使用以下类简单地测试整个过程。
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
var items = new object[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
var items2 = new object[] { 2, 3, 4, 5 };
new ToList(items, items2).Value.ForEach(x => Console.WriteLine(x));
Console.Read();
}
}