将部分字符串解析为字典?

时间:2013-06-27 18:52:15

标签: python parsing grammar text-parsing string-parsing

我不熟悉字符串解析库;并希望从:

'foo=5 z v xz er bar=" hel o" c z a == "hi" b = "who"'

到这个解析的字典:

{'foo':5, 'bar': ' hel o', 'a': 'hi', b: 'who'}

但我不知道从哪里开始。你可以给我一些处理这种转换的建议吗?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

您可以使用正则表达式。请参阅python's documentation on regextutorial's point tutorial

这样的事情可以起作用:

import re

regex = re.compile(r"(\w+ ?=+ ?\d+|\w+ ?=+ ?\"(?: *\w*)*\")")

#your example string:
s = 'foo=5 z v xz er bar=" hel o" c z a == "hi" b = "who"'

matches = regex.findall(s)

dict1 = {}
for m in matches:
    elems = m.split("=")
    #elems[0] = key
    #elems[len(elems)-1] = value, to account for the case of multiple ='s

    try:
        #see if the element is a number
        dict1[str(elems[0])] = int(elems[len(elems) - 1]) 

    except:
        #if type casting didn't work, just store it as a string
        dict1[str(elems[0])] = elems[len(elems) - 1] 

这是正则表达式细分:

(\w+ ?=+ ?\d+|\w+ ?=+ ?\"(?: *\w*)*\")

\w+表示一个或多个字母数字字符。

\d+表示一个或多个数字。

(?:regex)*表示匹配0或更多正则表达式的副本而不为其分配组#。

(regex1|regex2)表示找到与regex1匹配的字符串或与regex2匹配。

\"是引号的转义序列。

=+表示匹配一个或多个“=”符号

_?表示匹配0或1个空格(假设“_”是空格)

答案 1 :(得分:0)

Pyparsing是一个解析库,可以让你一次建立一个匹配的表达式。

from pyparsing import Word, alphas, alphanums, nums, oneOf, quotedString, removeQuotes

identifier = Word(alphas, alphanums)
integer = Word(nums).setParseAction(lambda t: int(t[0]))
value = integer | quotedString.setParseAction(removeQuotes)

# equals could be '==' or '='
# (suppress it so it does not get included in the resulting tokens)
EQ = oneOf("= ==").suppress()

# define the expression for an assignment
assign = identifier + EQ + value

以下是应用此解析器的代码

# search sample string for matching assignments
s = 'foo=5 z v xz er bar=" hel o" c z a == "hi" b = "who"'
assignments = assign.searchString(s)
dd = {}
for k,v in assignments:
    dd[k] = v

# or more simply
#dd = dict(assignments.asList())

print dd

给出:

{'a': 'hi', 'b': 'who', 'foo': 5, 'bar': ' hel o'}