删除元素时循环遍历数组

时间:2013-06-26 12:04:37

标签: javascript arrays loops

我想知道是否以及什么是可靠和/或标准的方法来迭代一个长度在循环内变化的数组。我问,因为每次我想要这样做时,我最终会选择不同的方法,例如。

for ( var i = 0; i < myarray.length; i++ ) {
  if (myarray[i] === 'something') {
    myarray.splice(i, 1);

    // *to avoid jumping over an element whose index was just shifted back to the current i
    i--;
  }
}

var i = 0;
while (myarray[i]) {
  if (myarray[i] === 'something') {
    myarray.splice(i, 1);
  } else {
    i++;
  }
}

这些是我发现自己这样做的方式,但我很好奇是否有标准方法。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:23)

我发现在另一个方向上迭代更简单:

for (var i=myarray.length; i--; ) {
   if (myarray[i] === 'something') myarray.splice(i, 1);
}

这样,您无需在删除时更改增量。

许多开发人员,特别是那些在JavaScript之前没有处理类C语言的开发人员,发现处理递减运算符的微妙之处令人困惑。我写的循环也可以写成

for (var i=myarray.length-1; i>=0; i--) {

答案 1 :(得分:0)

但是你选择这样做,从反向开始,倒计时最简单。它还取决于您的数组是否稀疏以及是否希望它保持稀疏。最简单的方法是创建一个可重用的函数和自己的库。你可以做到这一点。如果将compress设置为true,那么您的数组将变为连续而非稀疏数组。此函数将删除所有匹配的值,并返回已删除元素的数组。

的Javascript

function is(x, y) {
    if (x === y) {
        if (x === 0) {
            return 1 / x === 1 / y;
        }

        return true;
    }

    var x1 = x,
        y1 = y;

    return x !== x1 && y !== y1;
}

function removeMatching(array, value /*, compress (default = false)*/ ) {
    var removed = [],
        compress = arguments[2],
        index,
        temp,
        length;

    if (typeof compress !== "boolean") {
        compress = false;
    }

    if (compress) {
        temp = [];
        length = array.length;
        index = 0;
        while (index < length) {
            if (array.hasOwnProperty(index)) {
                temp.push(array[index]);
            }

            index += 1;
        }
    } else {
        temp = array;
    }

    index = 0;
    length = temp.length;
    while (index < length) {
        if (temp.hasOwnProperty(index) && is(temp[index], value)) {
            if (compress) {
                removed.push(temp.splice(index, 1)[0]);
            } else {
                removed.push(temp[index]);
                delete temp[index];
            }
        }

        index += 1;
    }

    if (compress) {
        array.length = 0;
        index = 0;
        length = temp.length;
        while (index < length) {
            if (temp.hasOwnProperty(index)) {
                array.push(temp[index]);
            }

            index += 1;
        }
    }

    return removed;
}

var test = [];

test[1] = 1;
test[50] = 2;
test[100] = NaN;
test[101] = NaN;
test[102] = NaN;
test[200] = null;
test[300] = undefined;
test[400] = Infinity;
test[450] = NaN;
test[500] = -Infinity;
test[1000] = 3;

console.log(test);
console.log(removeMatching(test, NaN));
console.log(test);
console.log(removeMatching(test, Infinity, true));
console.log(test);

输出

[1: 1, 50: 2, 100: NaN, 101: NaN, 102: NaN, 200: null, 300: undefined, 400: Infinity, 450: NaN, 500: -Infinity, 1000: 3]
[NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN]
[1: 1, 50: 2, 200: null, 300: undefined, 400: Infinity, 500: -Infinity, 1000: 3]
[Infinity]
[1, 2, null, undefined, -Infinity, 3] 

jsfiddle