当我阅读Angularjs的UI附加组件的一些示例时,我偶然发现了一些代码,这些代码向我展示了我对Javascript的了解非常可行:
以下是Angular提供程序中的一个类:
function Dialog(opts) {
var self = this, options = this.options = angular.extend({}, defaults, globalOptions, opts);
this._open = false;
this.backdropEl = createElement(options.backdropClass);
if(options.backdropFade){
// ...
}
this.handleLocationChange = function() {
self.close();
};
// more functions
}
非常简单。但是在该类之外,还有原型函数,例如上面调用的close()
Dialog.prototype.open = function(templateUrl, controller){
var self = this, options = this.options;
// .. some code
};
现在我不明白为什么该函数被声明为原型,但是在类本身内部是handleLocationChange
。
我如何决定选择哪种方法?
可以找到完整的要点here
答案 0 :(得分:3)
考虑以下两种情况:
Dialog.prototype.open = function...
Dialog.open = function....
第一种情况 - 通过调用new Dialog()
创建的每个对象都将具有此open
函数
第二种情况与对象对象无关,将其视为静态函数。
修改强>
在这里找到了一个很好的答案:javascript-class-method-vs-class-prototype-method
答案 1 :(得分:2)
函数open将由所有对象共享。并且handleLocationChange对于不同的对象将是不同的。
答案 2 :(得分:2)
我认为handleLocationChange是从事件触发器对象调用的,它注册了侦听器但没有注册this
上下文,因此当它被触发时,你不能使用this
,因为它引用了handleLocationChange。为了克服这一点,他们选择设置closure对此的引用(=自变量)并使用self调用其他实例函数。基本上它存储了一个在创建时已知但在handleLocationChange正在执行时不知道的值。
以下是一些显示问题的代码:
var eventSystem={
events:{},
add:function(eventname,fnCallback){
if(!this.events[eventname]){
this.events[eventname]=[];
}
this.events[eventname].push(fnCallback);
},
trigger:function(eventname){
if(!this.events[eventname]){
return;
}
var i=0;
for(i=0;i<this.events[eventname].length;i++){
this.events[eventname][i]();
}
}
};
var person=function(name){
this.name=name;
};
person.prototype.sayName=function(){
console.log("this is now:",this.toString());
// logs this is now: function (){ console.log("this is now:...
// so this is now the sayName function not the person instance
console.log(this.name);//undefined: sayName doesn't have a name property
}
var jon=new person("jon");
eventSystem.add("sayname",jon.sayName);//add event and listener function
eventSystem.trigger("sayname");//trigger the event
以下是如何解决设置闭包引用
的问题var eventSystem={
events:{},
add:function(eventname,fnCallback){
if(!this.events[eventname]){
this.events[eventname]=[];
}
this.events[eventname].push(fnCallback);
},
trigger:function(eventname){
if(!this.events[eventname]){
return;
}
var i=0;
for(i=0;i<this.events[eventname].length;i++){
this.events[eventname][i]();
}
}
};
var person=function(name){
var self=this;// set closure ref to this
this.name=name;
this.sayName=function(){
console.log(self.name);//use closure ref to get this
// logs jon
}
};
var jon=new person("jon");
eventSystem.add("sayname",jon.sayName);//add event and listener function
eventSystem.trigger("sayname");//trigger the event
以下是对事件系统的修复,以处理this
上下文:
var eventSystem={
events:{},
add:function(eventname,fnCallback,thisRef){
if(!this.events[eventname]){
this.events[eventname]=[];
}
this.events[eventname].push({
"callback":fnCallback,//store the event handler
"thisRef":thisRef//store the this context
});
},
trigger:function(eventname){
if(!this.events[eventname]){
return;
}
var i=0;
for(i=0;i<this.events[eventname].length;i++){
this.events[eventname][i].callback.call(
this.events[eventname][i].thisRef);
}
}
};
var person=function(name){
this.name=name;
};
person.prototype.sayName=function(){
console.log("this is now:",this);//referring to person instance
// with the name jon
console.log(this.name);//logs jon
console.log(this instanceof person);//true
}
var jon=new person("jon");
eventSystem.add("sayname",jon.sayName,jon);//add extra parameter for this ref
eventSystem.trigger("sayname");//trigger the event
上面使用的模式不是一个事件系统(认为它是pulisher订户),因为事件通常是从一个对象(按钮,输入,对话框)触发或调用的,但是如果有更多的事件系统,就像实现它会是因为您在实例上触发事件(例如myButton或myDialog),所以很容易获得正确的this
上下文。
请参阅以下代码了解实现事件系统:
var eventSystem={
add:function(eventname,fnCallback){
if(!this.events[eventname]){
this.events[eventname]=[];
}
this.events[eventname].push(fnCallback);
},
//change in trigger as it's passing the event object now
trigger:function(event){
if(!this.events[event.type]){
return;
}
var i=0;
for(i=0;i<this.events[event.type].length;i++){
this.events[event.type][i](event);
}
},
initES:function(){//set the instance variables needed
this.events=this.events||{};
}
};
function addProtos(o,protos){
for(item in protos){
o.prototype[item]=protos[item];
}
}
var person=function(name){
this.name=name;
this.initES();//needed to initialeze eventsystem
};
// make person capable of storing event handlers
// and triggering them
addProtos(person,eventSystem);
person.prototype.askQuestion=function(){
//asking a question will trigger an "answer" event
this.trigger({type:"answer",target:this});
}
// handler for when jon will fire an answer event
function answerHandler(event){
console.log("answer from:",event.target);
console.log("name of the person:",event.target.name);
}
var jon=new person("jon");
jon.add("answer",answerHandler);//add event listener
jon.askQuestion();//triggers the answer event from within jon
jon.trigger({type:"answer",target:jon});//trigger the event externally
不确定为什么Angular会选择通过使用闭包“打破”原型,因为示例显示还有其他选择。也许有人可以解释谁更熟悉Angular。