Question

我一直在这里寻找一段时间，但没有任何效果。我试图从一个函数调用输入变量以用于另一个函数。在下面的代码中（特别是number1，number2，name1和name2）。

这是Python 3.3.2。如果这是一个非常基本的问题，我道歉。



import os
import sys

##Folder making program.
def main():
    print("Follow the instructions. The output will be put in the root directory (C:/)")
    var = input("Press enter to continue")

    print("What do you want to do?")
    print("1. Create a folder with a series of numbered subfolders")
    print("2. Create a folder that contains subfolders with unique names")
    print("3. Exit the program.")

    input1 = input(": ")

    if input1 == '1':
        program1()
    elif input1 == '2':
        program2()
    elif input1 == '3':
        sys.exit



def program1():
    print("Input name of the main folder")
    name1 = input(": ")
    if name1 == "":
        print("The main folder needs a name.")
        program1()
    print("Input the name of sub folders")
    name2 = input(": ")
    series()

def program2():
    print("Input name of the main folder")
    name1 = str(input(": "))
    if name1 == "":
        print("The main folder needs a name.")

        program2()

    print("Input the name of sub folders.")

    name2 = str(input(": "))

    creation2()


def series():
    print("Put STARTING number of subdirectories:")
##code that will repeat this prompt if the user puts in a string. Accepts answer if input is an integer
    while True:
        try:
            number1 = int(input(": "))
            break
        except ValueError:
            print ("invalid");

    print("confirmed")

    print("Put ENDING number of subdirectories:")
    ##code that will repeat this prompt if the user puts in a string. Accepts answer if input is an integer
    while True:
        try:
            number2 = int(input(": "))
            break
        except ValueError:
            print ("invalid");
    total = number2 - number1
    ##Makes sure the values work, restarts this section of the program program if values are 1 or less than 0
    if total < 0:
        print('be reasonable')
        series()
    if total == 0:
        print('be reasonable')
        series()
    if total == 1:
        print("make the folder yourself")
        series()
    print("confirmed")


    while number1 <= number2:
        path = "c:\\"
        name3 = name2 + ' ' + str(number1)
    ##puts path to root directory
    ##makes main folder
    ##makes sub folders in main folder. Subfolders are named "Name2 1", "Name2 2", etc

        ##os.makedirs(path + name1)
        os.makedirs(path + name1 + '\\' + name3)
        number1 = number1 + 1

    contains = str('has been created, it contains')
    containstwo = str('subdirectories that are named')

    print((name1, contains, total, containstwo, name2))

    menu

def again():
    while True:

        print("Input the name of a new subfolder")
        newname = input(": ")
        os.makedirs(path + name1 + '\\' + newname)
        if newname == "":
            again()
        if newname == "1":
            main()
        print("To make another folder, input the name. To return to the menu, input 1 .")


def creation2():


    path = "c:\\"

    ##puts path to root directory
    ##makes main folder
    ##makes one subfolder in main folder, the subfolder has is name2.

    os.makedirs(path + name1 + '\\' + name2)
    contains = str('has been created, it contains')

    print((name1, contains, name2))
    print("Make another named folder within the main folder? (y/n)")
    another = input(":")
    while another == "y":
        again()
    if restart == "n":
        menu()


main()

Answer 1

你不调用变量，你调用函数。

您要做的是从您的函数中返回值。然后，您可以将这些值存储在变量中或将它们传递给另一个函数。

例如：

def get_numbers():
    x = int(input("Enter value of X: "))
    y = int(input("Enter value of Y: "))
    return x, y

def add_numbers(x, y):
    return x+y

x, y = get_numbers()
sum = add_numbers(x, y)
print("The total is:", sum)

因为我们只使用全局变量x和y（函数外部的变量）来保存get_numbers()返回的值，直到它们传递给add_numbers() ，我们可以删除这些变量，并将get_numbers()返回的值直接传递给add_numbers()：

sum = add_numbers(*get_numbers())

get_numbers()前面的星号告诉Python该函数返回多个值，并且我们希望将它们作为两个单独的参数传递给add_numbers()函数。

现在我们看到sum也是如此 - 它只用于保存数字直到我们打印它。所以我们可以将整个事情合并为一个陈述：

print("The total is:", add_numbers(*get_numbers()))

你已经熟悉了这一点 - 毕竟你的代码中有int(input(": "))。 input()重新调整字符串，然后传递给int()。 您编写的函数与Python内置的函数完全相同。

现在，像这样在彼此内部编写函数调用几乎不会引起混淆，因为它们是在最里面的调用get_numbers()，首先是add_numbers()，最后是print() - 执行的 - 与他们写作方式相反！因此，使用临时变量，以便按照实际执行的顺序编写代码是有意义的。

Answer 2

我会遵循kindall的建议并选择重写;重写可能更具可读性和更短。但是，如果您想使用现有的一些现有代码，请考虑以下事项：

以program1()为例。在program1()中，您可以定义name1变量和name2变量。这些变量仅存在于program1()的定义中。如果您希望使用其他函数（具体为series()）来使用变量，则需要重新构造series()以接受参数。例如：

def program1():
    print("Input name of the main folder")
    name1 = input(": ")
    if name1 == "":
        print("The main folder needs a name.")
        program1()
    print("Input the name of sub folders")
    name2 = input(": ")
 -->series(name1, name2)

def series(name1, name2):
    ...

这样，您可以将一个函数中定义的变量传递给另一个函数。为所有方法执行此操作可能有助于缓解您遇到的一些问题。

从其他函数调用变量

2 个答案: