如何沿贝塞尔曲线写文字?

时间:2013-06-25 14:45:22

标签: java javafx-2 javafx-8

我希望在javafx 2.2中或至少在javafx 8中执行此类操作。我浏览了Text javadoccss reference,但没有结果。

enter image description here

可以通过在WebView中显示和svg来实现此效果。但我的应用程序必须显示大量具有此效果的文本。 WebView是一个太重的组件,用于绘制具有此效果的文本。

我在oracle technology network上问了同样的问题。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:24)

这是滥用PathTransition以获取Bézier Curve上的文字。

程序允许您拖动控制点以定义曲线,然后沿该曲线绘制文本。文本中的字符间隔等距离,因此如果曲线的总长度非常接近文本宽度与“正常”间距匹配,则效果最佳,并且不会对字距调整等内容进行调整。

以下示例显示:

  1. 带有glow效果的弯曲文字。
  2. 一些没有效果的弯曲文字。
  3. 用于定义弯曲路径的控制操作点,无效的文本被绘制在一起。
  4. Curved Text With Glow Curved Text Curve Manipulator

    解决方案是基于StackOverflow问题答案的快速入侵:CubicCurve JavaFX。我相信可以通过更多的努力,时间和技巧找到更好的解决方案。

    因为程序是基于过渡的,所以采用它是非常容易的,因此文本可以动画跟随曲线,在溢出时从右向后包裹(就像你在marquee text中看到的那样或股票代码)。

    任何标准的JavaFX效果(如发光,阴影等)和字体更改都可以应用于从问题中的painthop专业文本中获取阴影效果等内容。发光效果是一种很好的效果,因为它可以巧妙地柔化旋转角色周围的锯齿状边缘。

    此解决方案所基于的PathTransition可以采用任意形状作为路径的输入,因此文本可以遵循其他类型的路径,而不仅仅是三次曲线。

    import javafx.animation.*;
    import javafx.application.Application;
    import javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty;
    import javafx.collections.*;
    import javafx.event.*;
    import javafx.scene.*;
    import javafx.scene.control.ToggleButton;
    import javafx.scene.effect.Glow;
    import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
    import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
    import javafx.scene.shape.*;
    import javafx.scene.text.Text;
    import javafx.stage.Stage;
    import javafx.util.Duration;
    
    /**
     * Example of drawing text along a cubic curve.
     * Drag the anchors around to change the curve.
     */
    public class BezierTextPlotter extends Application {
        private static final String CURVED_TEXT = "Bézier Curve";
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            launch(args);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void start(final Stage stage) throws Exception {
            final CubicCurve curve = createStartingCurve();
    
            Line controlLine1 = new BoundLine(curve.controlX1Property(), curve.controlY1Property(), curve.startXProperty(), curve.startYProperty());
            Line controlLine2 = new BoundLine(curve.controlX2Property(), curve.controlY2Property(), curve.endXProperty(), curve.endYProperty());
    
            Anchor start = new Anchor(Color.PALEGREEN, curve.startXProperty(), curve.startYProperty());
            Anchor control1 = new Anchor(Color.GOLD, curve.controlX1Property(), curve.controlY1Property());
            Anchor control2 = new Anchor(Color.GOLDENROD, curve.controlX2Property(), curve.controlY2Property());
            Anchor end = new Anchor(Color.TOMATO, curve.endXProperty(), curve.endYProperty());
    
            final Text text = new Text(CURVED_TEXT);
            text.setStyle("-fx-font-size: 40px");
            text.setEffect(new Glow());
            final ObservableList<Text> parts = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
            final ObservableList<PathTransition> transitions = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
            for (char character : text.textProperty().get().toCharArray()) {
                Text part = new Text(character + "");
                part.setEffect(text.getEffect());
                part.setStyle(text.getStyle());
                parts.add(part);
                part.setVisible(false);
    
                transitions.add(createPathTransition(curve, part));
            }
    
            final ObservableList<Node> controls = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
            controls.setAll(controlLine1, controlLine2, curve, start, control1, control2, end);
    
            final ToggleButton plot = new ToggleButton("Plot Text");
            plot.setOnAction(new PlotHandler(plot, parts, transitions, controls));
    
            Group content = new Group(controlLine1, controlLine2, curve, start, control1, control2, end, plot);
            content.getChildren().addAll(parts);
    
            stage.setTitle("Cubic Curve Manipulation Sample");
            stage.setScene(new Scene(content, 400, 400, Color.ALICEBLUE));
            stage.show();
        }
    
        private PathTransition createPathTransition(CubicCurve curve, Text text) {
            final PathTransition transition = new PathTransition(Duration.seconds(10), curve, text);
    
            transition.setAutoReverse(false);
            transition.setCycleCount(PathTransition.INDEFINITE);
            transition.setOrientation(PathTransition.OrientationType.ORTHOGONAL_TO_TANGENT);
            transition.setInterpolator(Interpolator.LINEAR);
    
            return transition;
        }
    
        private CubicCurve createStartingCurve() {
            CubicCurve curve = new CubicCurve();
            curve.setStartX(50);
            curve.setStartY(200);
            curve.setControlX1(150);
            curve.setControlY1(300);
            curve.setControlX2(250);
            curve.setControlY2(50);
            curve.setEndX(350);
            curve.setEndY(150);
            curve.setStroke(Color.FORESTGREEN);
            curve.setStrokeWidth(4);
            curve.setStrokeLineCap(StrokeLineCap.ROUND);
            curve.setFill(Color.CORNSILK.deriveColor(0, 1.2, 1, 0.6));
            return curve;
        }
    
        class BoundLine extends Line {
            BoundLine(DoubleProperty startX, DoubleProperty startY, DoubleProperty endX, DoubleProperty endY) {
                startXProperty().bind(startX);
                startYProperty().bind(startY);
                endXProperty().bind(endX);
                endYProperty().bind(endY);
                setStrokeWidth(2);
                setStroke(Color.GRAY.deriveColor(0, 1, 1, 0.5));
                setStrokeLineCap(StrokeLineCap.BUTT);
                getStrokeDashArray().setAll(10.0, 5.0);
            }
        }
    
        // a draggable anchor displayed around a point.
        class Anchor extends Circle {
            Anchor(Color color, DoubleProperty x, DoubleProperty y) {
                super(x.get(), y.get(), 10);
                setFill(color.deriveColor(1, 1, 1, 0.5));
                setStroke(color);
                setStrokeWidth(2);
                setStrokeType(StrokeType.OUTSIDE);
    
                x.bind(centerXProperty());
                y.bind(centerYProperty());
                enableDrag();
            }
    
            // make a node movable by dragging it around with the mouse.
            private void enableDrag() {
                final Delta dragDelta = new Delta();
                setOnMousePressed(new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
                    @Override
                    public void handle(MouseEvent mouseEvent) {
                        // record a delta distance for the drag and drop operation.
                        dragDelta.x = getCenterX() - mouseEvent.getX();
                        dragDelta.y = getCenterY() - mouseEvent.getY();
                        getScene().setCursor(Cursor.MOVE);
                    }
                });
                setOnMouseReleased(new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
                    @Override
                    public void handle(MouseEvent mouseEvent) {
                        getScene().setCursor(Cursor.HAND);
                    }
                });
                setOnMouseDragged(new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
                    @Override
                    public void handle(MouseEvent mouseEvent) {
                        double newX = mouseEvent.getX() + dragDelta.x;
                        if (newX > 0 && newX < getScene().getWidth()) {
                            setCenterX(newX);
                        }
                        double newY = mouseEvent.getY() + dragDelta.y;
                        if (newY > 0 && newY < getScene().getHeight()) {
                            setCenterY(newY);
                        }
                    }
                });
                setOnMouseEntered(new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
                    @Override
                    public void handle(MouseEvent mouseEvent) {
                        if (!mouseEvent.isPrimaryButtonDown()) {
                            getScene().setCursor(Cursor.HAND);
                        }
                    }
                });
                setOnMouseExited(new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
                    @Override
                    public void handle(MouseEvent mouseEvent) {
                        if (!mouseEvent.isPrimaryButtonDown()) {
                            getScene().setCursor(Cursor.DEFAULT);
                        }
                    }
                });
            }
    
            // records relative x and y co-ordinates.
            private class Delta {
                double x, y;
            }
        }
    
        // plots text along a path defined by provided bezier control points.
        private static class PlotHandler implements EventHandler<ActionEvent> {
            private final ToggleButton plot;
            private final ObservableList<Text> parts;
            private final ObservableList<PathTransition> transitions;
            private final ObservableList<Node> controls;
    
            public PlotHandler(ToggleButton plot, ObservableList<Text> parts, ObservableList<PathTransition> transitions, ObservableList<Node> controls) {
                this.plot = plot;
                this.parts = parts;
                this.transitions = transitions;
                this.controls = controls;
            }
    
            @Override
            public void handle(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
                if (plot.isSelected()) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < parts.size(); i++) {
                        parts.get(i).setVisible(true);
                        final Transition transition = transitions.get(i);
                        transition.stop();
                        transition.jumpTo(Duration.seconds(10).multiply((i + 0.5) * 1.0 / parts.size()));
                        // just play a single animation frame to display the curved text, then stop
                        AnimationTimer timer = new AnimationTimer() {
                            int frameCounter = 0;
    
                            @Override
                            public void handle(long l) {
                                frameCounter++;
                                if (frameCounter == 1) {
                                    transition.stop();
                                    stop();
                                }
                            }
                        };
                        timer.start();
                        transition.play();
                    }
                    plot.setText("Show Controls");
                } else {
                    plot.setText("Plot Text");
                }
    
                for (Node control : controls) {
                    control.setVisible(!plot.isSelected());
                }
    
                for (Node part : parts) {
                    part.setVisible(plot.isSelected());
                }
            }
        }
    }
    

    另一种可能的解决方案是测量每个文本字符并使用数学来插入文本位置和旋转,而不使用PathTransition。但是PathTransition已经存在并且对我来说很好(也许文本进展的曲线距离测量可能会挑战我)。

    其他问题的答案

      

    您认为通过调整代码可以实现javafx.scene.effect.Effect吗?

    没有。实现效果需要执行数学来沿贝松曲线显示文本,我的答案没有提供(因为它只是采用现有的PathTransition来执行此操作)。

    此外,JavaFX 2.2中没有用于实现自定义效果的公共API。

    现有的DisplacementMap效果可能会用于获得类似的效果。但是,我觉得使用DisplacementMap效果(可能还有任何效果来调整文本布局)可能会扭曲文本。

    IMO,沿着Bezier曲线写文本与效果相关的布局更多 - 最好调整字符的布局和旋转,而不是使用效果来移动它们。

      

    或者可能有更好的方法在JFX框架中正确集成它?

    您可以子类化Pane并创建一个类似于FlowPane的自定义PathLayout,但是沿路径而不是直线布置节点。要布局的节点由每个字符的Text节点组成,类似于我在答案中所做的。但即使这样,你也不能真正准确地渲染文本,因为你想要考虑比例间隔的字母,kerning等等。因此,为了保证完全保真度和准确性,你需要实现自己的低级文本布局算法。如果是我的话,如果使用PathTransitions在这个答案中提供的“足够好”的解决方案证明你的质量不够高,我只会付出努力。

答案 1 :(得分:7)

您可以使用WebView和一些html来显示svg。这是一个例子:

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.web.WebView;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class CurvedText extends Application {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    launch(args);
  }

  @Override
  public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
    StackPane root = new StackPane();
    WebView view = new WebView();
    view.getEngine().loadContent("<!DOCTYPE html>\n" +
            "<html xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">\n" +
            "  <body>\n" +
            "<embed width=\"100\" height=\"100\" type=\"image/svg+xml\" src=\"path.svg\">\n" +
            "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">" +
            "<defs>\n" +
            "  <path id=\"textPath\" d=\"M10 50 C10 0 90 0 90 50\"/>\n" +
            "</defs>\n"+
            "<text fill=\"red\">\n" +
            "  <textPath xlink:href=\"#textPath\">Text on a Path</textPath>\n" +
            "</text>" +
            "</svg>\n" +
            "</embed>" +
            "  </body>\n" +
            "</html>");
    root.getChildren().add(view);
    Scene scene = new Scene(root, 500, 500);
    primaryStage.setScene(scene);
    primaryStage.show();
  }
}

结果:

enter image description here

这不是最佳解决方案,因为JavaFX WebView在我的体验中表现得像一个标签时表现得有点敏感,但它是开始的。

修改

由于您不想直接使用WebView,您可以使用WebView的单个实例使用html渲染场景,然后拍摄它的快照以生成ImageView。见这个例子:

import javafx.animation.AnimationTimer;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.value.ChangeListener;
import javafx.beans.value.ObservableValue;
import javafx.concurrent.Worker;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import javafx.scene.image.WritableImage;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.web.WebView;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class CurvedText extends Application {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    launch(args);
  }

  @Override
  public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
    final HBox root = new HBox();
    final WebView view = new WebView();
    view.getEngine().loadContent("<!DOCTYPE html>\n" +
            "<html xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">\n" +
            "  <body>\n" +
            "<embed width=\"100\" height=\"100\" type=\"image/svg+xml\" src=\"path.svg\">\n" +
            "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">" +
            "<defs>\n" +
            "  <path id=\"textPath\" d=\"M10 50 C10 0 90 0 90 50\"/>\n" +
            "</defs>\n"+
            "<text fill=\"red\">\n" +
            "  <textPath xlink:href=\"#textPath\">Text on a Path</textPath>\n" +
            "</text>" +
            "</svg>\n" +
            "</embed>" +
            "  </body>\n" +
            "</html>");
    root.getChildren().add(view);
    view.getEngine().getLoadWorker().stateProperty().addListener(new ChangeListener<Worker.State>() {
      @Override
      public void changed(ObservableValue<? extends Worker.State> arg0, Worker.State oldState, Worker.State newState) {
        if (newState == Worker.State.SUCCEEDED) {
          // workaround for https://javafx-jira.kenai.com/browse/RT-23265
          AnimationTimer waitForViewToBeRendered = new AnimationTimer(){
            private int frames = 0;
            @Override
            public void handle(long now) {
              if (frames++ > 3){
                WritableImage snapshot = view.snapshot(null, null);
                ImageView imageView = new ImageView(snapshot);
                root.getChildren().add(imageView);
                this.stop();
              }
            }
          };
          waitForViewToBeRendered.start();
        }
      }
    });
    Scene scene = new Scene(root, 500, 500);
    primaryStage.setScene(scene);
    primaryStage.show();
  }
}