flask-sqlalchemy insert未映射

时间:2013-06-24 11:18:03

标签: python database sqlalchemy flask flask-sqlalchemy

我在flask-sqlalchemy中正确实现了多对多的关系时遇到了很多麻烦。它始于重复的标签,现在,很多天后,它是一个映射问题。公平的警告,我的代码在这些问题蔓延之前更加漂亮。我还添加了一个addproduct.py文件来加速测试。所以就是这样。

models.py

1 from app import app, db                                                                                                                                     
2 
3 product_tags = db.Table('association',
4         db.Column('product_id', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('product.id')),
5         db.Column('tag_name', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('tag.name'))
6 )
7 
8 class Product(db.Model):                                                                                                                                    
9     id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
10     title = db.Column(db.String(128))                                                                                                                       
11     description = db.Column(db.Text)
12     image = db.Column(db.String(64))
13     link = db.Column(db.String(256))
14     price = db.Column(db.Float())
15     timestamp = db.Column(db.DateTime)                                                                                                                      
16     expiration = db.Column(db.String(6))
17     tags = db.relationship('Tag', secondary=product_tags,                                                                                                   
18             backref=db.backref('product', lazy='dynamic'))
19 
20     def __init__(self, title, description, image, link, price, timestamp, expiration,    tags):                                                                
21         self.title = title                                                                                                                                  
22         self.description = description                                                                                                                      
23         self.image = image                                                                                                                                  
24         self.link = link                                                                                                                                    
25         self.price = price                                                                                                                                  
26         self.timestamp = timestamp
27         self.expiration = expiration                                                                                                                        
28         self.tags = tags                                                                                                                                    
29         print self.title                                                                                                                                    
30 
31     def __repr__(self):                                                                                                                                     
32         return '<Title %r, Description %r, Image %r, Link %r, Price %r, Timestamp %r,    Expires %r, Tags %r>' % (self.title, self.description, self.image, sel
33 
34 class Tag(db.Model):                                                                                                                                        
35     name = db.Column(db.String(32), primary_key=True)
36 
37     def __init__(self, name):
38         self.name = name                                                                                                                                    
39 
40     def __repr__(self):                                                                                                                                     
41         return '<Tag %r>' % self.name

addproduct.py

1 from app import db                                                                                                                                          
2 from app.models import Product, Tag, product_tags
3 from datetime import datetime                                                                                                                               
4 
5 imagefolder = 'static/img/'
6 
7 title = 'product'
8 description = 'description'
9 image = 'image.jpg'
10 link = 'http://link.com'
11 price = 2000.00
12 expiration = ''
13 tags = ['tag1','tag2']                                                                                                                              
14 
15 newtags = []                                                                                                                                                
16 
17 def create_product(title, description, image, link, price, expiration, tags):                                                                               
18     image = imagefolder + image                                                                                                                             
19     tag_assoc = []
20     for tag in tags:                                                                                                                                        
21         tagcheck = Tag.query.filter_by(name=tag).first()                                                                                                    
22         if tagcheck == None:                                                                                                                                
23             tag_assoc.append(Tag(tag))                                                                                                                      
24         else:                                                                                                                                               
25             newtags.append(tag)                                                                                                                             
26 
27     product = Product(title, description, image, link, price, datetime.utcnow(),    expiration, tag_assoc)                                                     
28     create_assoc(newtags)                                                                                                                                   
29     return product                                                                                                                                          
30 
31 def create_assoc(newtags):                                                                                                                                  
32     title_search = Product.query.filter_by(title=title).first()                                                                                             
33     for tag in newtags:
34         assoc = product_tags.insert().values(product_id=title_search.id,    tag_name=tag)
35         db.session.add(assoc)                                                                                                                               
36     db.session.commit()
37 
38 if __name__ == '__main__':
39     product = create_product(title, description, image, link, price, expiration,    tags)
40     db.session.add(product)                                                                                                                                 
41     db.session.commit()                                                                                                                                     
42     create_assoc(newtags) 

我得到的错误信息是:

11:11 ~/shop $ python addproduct.py
product
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "addproduct.py", line 39, in <module>
product = create_product(title, description, image, link, price, expiration, tags)
File "addproduct.py", line 28, in create_product
create_assoc(newtags)
File "addproduct.py", line 35, in create_assoc
db.session.add(assoc)
File "/home/username/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/scoping.py", line 114, in do
return getattr(self.registry(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/username/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 1358, in add
raise exc.UnmappedInstanceError(instance)
sqlalchemy.orm.exc.UnmappedInstanceError: Class 'sqlalchemy.sql.expression.Insert' is not mapped

这是我第一个不直接来自教程的webapp,我完全迷失了。请帮忙!

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

我在模型中可以看到的第一个错误 - 您的关联正确有两个外键,但标记的外键是Integer,但您的Tag类中的主键是一个String - 他们应该匹配。除此之外,模型看起来还不错。

您还应该能够简化create_product功能:

def create_product(title, description, image, link, price, expiration, tags):
    image = imagefolder + image
    tag_list = []
    for tag in tags:
        tagcheck = Tag.query.filter_by(name=tag).first()
        if tagcheck is None:
            tag_list.append(Tag(tag))
        else:
            tag_list.append(tagcheck)
    product = Product(title, description, image, link, price, datetime.utcnow(), expiration, tag_list)
    return product

这可以很容易地在__init___构造函数中移动。在你的例子中,你直接处理关联表,但你根本不需要 - 只要相信ORM做正确的事情,那就是SQLAlchemy的美丽。

以下是您的产品型号的示例:

class Product(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    title = db.Column(db.String(128))
    description = db.Column(db.Text)
    image = db.Column(db.String(64))
    link = db.Column(db.String(256))
    price = db.Column(db.Float())
    timestamp = db.Column(db.DateTime)
    expiration = db.Column(db.String(6))
    tags = db.relationship('Tag', secondary=product_tags,
            backref=db.backref('products', lazy='dynamic'))

    def __init__(self, title, description, image, link, price, timestamp, expiration, tags):
        self.title = title
        self.description = description
        self.image = image
        self.link = link
        self.price = price
        self.timestamp = timestamp
        self.expiration = expiration

        for tag in tags:
            tagcheck = Tag.query.filter_by(name=tag).first()
            if tagcheck is None:
                self.tags.append(Tag(tag))
            else:
                self.tags.append(tagcheck)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<{}, {}>'.format(self.title, ":".join([x.name for x in self.tags]))

为了测试它,首先让我们为系统添加几个标签:

ta = Tag('cat')
tb = Tag('dog')
db.session.add_all([ta, tb])
db.session.commit()

>>> Tag.query.all()
[<Tag u'cat'>, <Tag u'dog'>]

现在让我们添加一个使用这些标签的产品,再添加一个新标签。

p = Product(
    'title',
    'description',
    'image',
    'link',
    0.0,
    datetime.now(),
    'expiry',
    ['dog','cat','horse']
)
db.session.add(p)
db.session.commit()

当我们创建该产品时,构造函数会获取这三个字符串标记中的每一个,并说“嘿,这个名称的标记是否已经存在?”如果是这样,它会使用它,如果没有,它会根据该名称创建一个新标记。 SQLAlchemy非常聪明地知道将新标记添加到会话中,并在提交产品时提交它。

>>> Tag.query.all()
[<Tag u'cat'>, <Tag u'dog'>, <Tag u'horse'>]

现在让我们找到带有dog标签的所有产品(假设已经添加了更多产品)。

>>> tag = Tag.query.get('dog')
>>> products = tag.products
>>> [x.title for x in products]
['title','other','examples']

同样,在任何时候我都没有触及关联表,没有必要。 SQLAlchemy正在为我们付出努力。