我正在解决一个问题,我认为它最适合装饰器和状态模式。高级设置就像一个三明治制造商和分配器,我有一定数量的成分和一些不同类型的sadnwiches我可以做。每个ingedient都有与之相关的成本。客户可能会使用机器选择配料来制作特定的swndwich,机器会分配它。
到目前为止,我已经使用装饰器模式创建了成分和不同类型的三明治:
public abstract class Sandwich {
String description = "Unknown Sandwich";
public String getDescription(){
return description;
}
public double cost(){
return 0.0;
}
}
每种成分都是这样建模的:
public abstract class Ingredient extends Sandwich {
public abstract String getDescription();
}
而且,具体的成分是:
public class Cheese extends Ingredient {
private Sandwich sandwich;
public Cheese(Sandwich sandwich){
this.sandwich = sandwich;
}
public String getDescription() {
return sandwich.getDescription() + ", cheese";
}
public double cost() {
return 0.25 + sandwich.cost();
}
}
特定类型的三明治可以这样建模:
public class BLT extends Sandwich {
public BLT(){
description = "Bacon, Lettuce and Tomato";
}
}
所以客户会像这样创建一个特定的三明治:
Sandwich order_a_blt = new Tomato(new Lettuce(new Bacon(new Bread(new BLT()))));
作为下一步,我将创建一个Dispenser对象,它将作为一个自动机器,预先加载特定数量的成分(以通用单位测量),用户可以按一个按钮选择一个预先设定的选择:
例如
我的分配器机器预装了每种成分固定数量的单位
用户可以选择特定三明治的按钮列表:
这个想法是跟踪成分的内部容量,并告诉用户,比方说,我们没有足够的培根来制作另一个BLT
现在,我最初的想法是根据状态设计模式创建Dispenser对象,但是我试图将Ingredient类的对象与Dispenser类中的某种存储结合起来遇到了问题。起初我虽然名称/值的地图配对成分类型/成分数量。但我不确定如何将这些模式组合在一起,所以我可以在每次使用后自动减量。
您是否对如何继续实施这样的概念有一个大概的想法?首先,我是否在装饰和状态模式的正确轨道上?会有更有效的方法吗?我希望我已经清楚地解释了这个问题。
感谢您的任何指导,我感谢任何想法
答案 0 :(得分:3)
三明治到奶酪是“有一种”关系,所以三明治不应该是奶酪的父母。
不确定你在这一行做了什么:
Sandwich order_a_blt = new Tomato(new Lettuce(new Bacon(new Bread(new BLT()))));
从逻辑上讲,为什么要创建一个Tomato对象并将其传递给Lettuce? 番茄,生菜等应该扩展成分。
我会这样做
class Sandwich{ public Sandwich(Ingredients ...ing){}}
在每个成分类中,我会在Tomato中放置一个静态变量,将其称为tomatoCount,然后在创建Dispenser时初始化它,每次创建一个新的Tomato会减少它。如果它达到零,则番茄类会抱怨
答案 1 :(得分:2)
所以,我会提供以下解决方案:
package com;
public enum Ingredient {
CHEESE, TOMATO, LETTUCE, BACON, BREAD, MEATBALL, ITALIAN_SAUCE;
private final String description;
Ingredient() {
description = toString().toLowerCase();
}
Ingredient(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
}
package com;
import static com.Ingredient.*;
import java.util.*;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
public enum SandwitchType {
BLT(
asList(TOMATO, LETTUCE, BACON, BREAD),
1 , 1, 1 , 1
),
SUB(
asList(MEATBALL, CHEESE, ITALIAN_SAUCE, BREAD),
1 , 1 , 1 , 1
);
private final Map<Ingredient, Integer> ingredients = new EnumMap<Ingredient, Integer>(Ingredient.class);
private final Map<Ingredient, Integer> ingredientsView = Collections.unmodifiableMap(ingredients);
SandwitchType(Collection<Ingredient> ingredients, int ... unitsNumber) {
int i = -1;
for (Ingredient ingredient : ingredients) {
if (++i >= unitsNumber.length) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Can't create sandwitch %s. Reason: given ingedients "
+ "and their units number are inconsistent (%d ingredients, %d units number)",
this, ingredients.size(), unitsNumber.length));
}
this.ingredients.put(ingredient, unitsNumber[i]);
}
}
public Map<Ingredient, Integer> getIngredients() {
return ingredientsView;
}
public String getDescription() {
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
for (Ingredient ingredient : ingredients.keySet()) {
result.append(ingredient.getDescription()).append(", ");
}
if (result.length() > 1) {
result.setLength(result.length() - 2);
}
return result.toString();
}
}
package com;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
public class PriceList {
private static final int PRECISION = 2;
private final ConcurrentMap<Ingredient, Double> prices = new ConcurrentHashMap<Ingredient, Double>();
public double getPrice(SandwitchType sandwitchType) {
double result = 0;
for (Map.Entry<Ingredient, Integer> entry : sandwitchType.getIngredients().entrySet()) {
Double price = prices.get(entry.getKey());
if (price == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("Can't calculate price for sandwitch type %s. Reason: "
+ "no price is defined for ingredient %s. Registered ingredient prices: %s",
sandwitchType, entry.getKey(), prices));
}
result += price * entry.getValue();
}
return round(result);
}
public void setIngredientPrice(Ingredient ingredient, double price) {
prices.put(ingredient, round(price));
}
private static double round(double d) {
double multiplier = Math.pow(10, PRECISION);
return Math.floor(d * multiplier + 0.5) / multiplier;
}
}
package com;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.EnumMap;
public class Dispenser {
private final Map<Ingredient, Integer> availableIngredients = new EnumMap<Ingredient, Integer>(Ingredient.class);
public String buySandwitch(SandwitchType sandwitchType) {
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
synchronized (availableIngredients) {
Map<Ingredient, Integer> buffer = new EnumMap<Ingredient, Integer>(availableIngredients);
for (Map.Entry<Ingredient, Integer> entry : sandwitchType.getIngredients().entrySet()) {
Integer currentNumber = buffer.get(entry.getKey());
if (currentNumber == null || currentNumber < entry.getValue()) {
result.append(String.format("not enough %s (required %d, available %d), ",
entry.getKey().getDescription(), entry.getValue(), currentNumber == null ? 0 : currentNumber));
continue;
}
buffer.put(entry.getKey(), currentNumber - entry.getValue());
}
if (result.length() <= 0) {
availableIngredients.clear();
availableIngredients.putAll(buffer);
return "";
}
}
if (result.length() > 1) {
result.setLength(result.length() - 2);
}
return result.toString();
}
public void load(Ingredient ingredient, int unitsNumber) {
synchronized (availableIngredients) {
Integer currentNumber = availableIngredients.get(ingredient);
if (currentNumber == null) {
availableIngredients.put(ingredient, unitsNumber);
return;
}
availableIngredients.put(ingredient, currentNumber + unitsNumber);
}
}
}
package com;
public class StartClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dispenser dispenser = new Dispenser();
for (Ingredient ingredient : Ingredient.values()) {
dispenser.load(ingredient, 10);
}
PriceList priceList = loadPrices();
while (true) {
for (SandwitchType sandwitchType : SandwitchType.values()) {
System.out.printf("About to buy %s sandwitch. Price is %f...",
sandwitchType, priceList.getPrice(sandwitchType));
String rejectReason = dispenser.buySandwitch(sandwitchType);
if (!rejectReason.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println(" Failed: " + rejectReason);
return;
}
System.out.println(" Done");
}
}
}
private static PriceList loadPrices() {
PriceList priceList = new PriceList();
double i = 0.1;
for (Ingredient ingredient : Ingredient.values()) {
priceList.setIngredientPrice(ingredient, i);
i *= 2;
}
return priceList;
}
}
答案 2 :(得分:1)
装饰器模式不适合您的问题。成分不会在三明治中添加新的行为,更不用说将三明治和(三明治)成分链接在 is-a 关系中已经有点人为了。 (嵌套实例化看起来很酷,直到你必须动态地进行。)
三明治有成分/馅料/调味品。建立成分的类层次结构,并使用复合图案将它们与三明治一起折叠。
public abstract class Ingredient {
protected Ingredient(Object name) { ... }
public String name() { ... }
public abstract String description();
public abstract double cost();
}
public Cheese extends Ingredient {
public Cheese() { super("Cheese"); }
public String description() { ... }
public double cost() { return 0.25; }
|
public abstract class Sandwich {
public abstract double cost();
public Set<Ingredient> fillings() { ... }
public boolean addFilling(Ingredient filling) { ... }
public boolean removeFilling(Ingredient filling) { ... }
public double totalFillingsCost();
...
}
public class SubmarineSandwich extends Sandwich {
public SubmarineSandwich() { ... }
public double cost() { return 2.50 + totalFillingsCost(); }
}
public enum SandwichType {
Custom,
Blt,
Sub,
...
}
public class SandwichFactory {
public Sandwich createSandwich(SandwichType type) {
switch (type) {
case Custom:
return new Sandwich() { public double cost() { return 1.25; } };
case Blt:
return new BaconLettuceTomatoSandwich();
case Sub:
return new SubmarineSandwich();
....
}
}
}
太,我不认为状态模式对分配器有用,因为它与配料或三明治的管理有关。该模式规定了对象的内部使用以改变类的行为。但DIspenser不需要基于状态的多态行为:
public class SandwichDispenser {
...
public void prepareSandwich(SandwichType type) throws SupplyException { ... }
public Sandwich finalizeSandwich() throws NotMakingASandwichException { ... }
public boolean addFilling(Ingredient filling) throws SupplyException { ... }
}
例如,分配器内部状态没有明显的差异,因此需要对其公共接口进行多态行为。