我有一个关于处理m2m /通过模型及其在django rest框架中的表示的问题。我们来看一个典型的例子:
models.py:
from django.db import models
class Member(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length = 20)
groups = models.ManyToManyField('Group', through = 'Membership')
class Group(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length = 20)
class Membership(models.Model):
member = models.ForeignKey('Member')
group = models.ForeignKey('Group')
join_date = models.DateTimeField()
serializers.py:
imports...
class MemberSerializer(ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Member
class GroupSerializer(ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Group
views.py:
imports...
class MemberViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Member.objects.all()
serializer_class = MemberSerializer
class GroupViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Group.objects.all()
serializer_class = GroupSerializer
在获取成员实例时,我成功接收了所有成员的字段及其组 - 但是我只获得了组的详细信息,而没有来自成员模型的额外详细信息。
换句话说,我期待接收:
{
'id' : 2,
'name' : 'some member',
'groups' : [
{
'id' : 55,
'name' : 'group 1'
'join_date' : 34151564
},
{
'id' : 56,
'name' : 'group 2'
'join_date' : 11200299
}
]
}
请注意 join_date 。
我已经尝试了很多解决方案,当然包括Django Rest-Framework official page about it,似乎没有人给出一个合适的简单答案 - 我需要做些什么才能包含这些额外的字段?我发现django-tastypie更直接,但有一些其他问题,更喜欢休息框架。
答案 0 :(得分:117)
怎么样.....
在MemberSerializer上,在其上定义一个字段,如:
groups = MembershipSerializer(source='membership_set', many=True)
然后在您的会员序列化程序上,您可以创建它:
class MembershipSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
id = serializers.Field(source='group.id')
name = serializers.Field(source='group.name')
class Meta:
model = Membership
fields = ('id', 'name', 'join_date', )
这具有创建序列化值的整体效果,组,其具有所需的成员资格,然后它使用自定义序列化程序来提取您想要显示的位。
编辑:正如@bryanph评论的那样,serializers.field
在DRF 3.0中被重命名为serializers.ReadOnlyField
,所以这应该是:
class MembershipSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
id = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='group.id')
name = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='group.name')
class Meta:
model = Membership
fields = ('id', 'name', 'join_date', )
任何现代实现
答案 1 :(得分:11)
我遇到了这个问题,我的解决方案(使用DRF 3.6)是在对象上使用SerializerMethodField并显式查询Membership表,如下所示:
class MembershipSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""Used as a nested serializer by MemberSerializer"""
class Meta:
model = Membership
fields = ('id','group','join_date')
class MemberSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
groups = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
class Meta:
model = Member
fields = ('id','name','groups')
def get_groups(self, obj):
"obj is a Member instance. Returns list of dicts"""
qset = Membership.objects.filter(member=obj)
return [MembershipSerializer(m).data for m in qset]
这将返回groups键的dicts列表,其中每个dict都是从MembershipSerializer序列化的。要使其可写,您可以在MemberSerializer中定义自己的创建/更新方法,在该方法中迭代输入数据并显式创建或更新成员资格模型实例。
答案 2 :(得分:-1)
注意:作为一名软件工程师,我喜欢使用体系结构,并且我对分层开发方法进行了深入的研究,因此我将就层级回答它。
据我所知,这是解决方案 models.py
class Member(models.Model):
member_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
member_name = models.CharField(max_length =
class Group(models.Model):
group_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
group_name = models.CharField(max_length = 20)
fk_member_id = models.ForeignKey('Member', models.DO_NOTHING,
db_column='fk_member_id', blank=True, null=True)
class Membership(models.Model):
membershipid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
fk_group_id = models.ForeignKey('Group', models.DO_NOTHING,
db_column='fk_member_id', blank=True, null=True)
join_date = models.DateTimeField()
serializers.py
import serializer
class AllSerializer(serializer.Serializer):
group_id = serializer.IntegerField()
group_name = serializer.CharField(max_length = 20)
join_date = serializer.DateTimeField()
CustomModels.py
imports...
class AllDataModel():
group_id = ""
group_name = ""
join_date = ""
BusinessLogic.py
imports ....
class getdata(memberid):
alldataDict = {}
dto = []
Member = models.Members.objects.get(member_id=memberid) #or use filter for Name
alldataDict["MemberId"] = Member.member_id
alldataDict["MemberName"] = Member.member_name
Groups = models.Group.objects.filter(fk_member_id=Member)
for item in Groups:
Custommodel = CustomModels.AllDataModel()
Custommodel.group_id = item.group_id
Custommodel.group_name = item.group_name
Membership = models.Membership.objects.get(fk_group_id=item.group_id)
Custommodel.join_date = Membership.join_date
dto.append(Custommodel)
serializer = AllSerializer(dto,many=True)
alldataDict.update(serializer.data)
return alldataDict
从技术上讲,您必须将请求传递给DataAccessLayer,该请求将从数据访问层返回已过滤的对象,但是由于我必须以快速的方式回答问题,因此我在业务逻辑层中调整了代码!