PHP中的preg_match和UTF-8

时间:2009-11-12 20:40:35

标签: php unicode utf-8 pcre

我正在尝试使用preg_match搜索UTF8编码的字符串。

preg_match('/H/u', "\xC2\xA1Hola!", $a_matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
echo $a_matches[0][1];

这应该打印1,因为“H”在字符串“¡Hola!”中的索引1处。但它打印2.所以看起来它并没有将主题视为UTF8编码的字符串,即使我在正则表达式中传递了“u”modifier

我的php.ini中有以下设置,其他UTF8函数正在运行:

mbstring.func_overload = 7
mbstring.language = Neutral
mbstring.internal_encoding = UTF-8
mbstring.http_input = pass
mbstring.http_output = pass
mbstring.encoding_translation = Off

有什么想法吗?

7 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:35)

虽然 u 修饰符使得模式和主题都被解释为UTF-8,但捕获的偏移仍然以字节计算。

您可以使用mb_strlen获取UTF-8字符而不是字节的长度:

$str = "\xC2\xA1Hola!";
preg_match('/H/u', $str, $a_matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
echo mb_strlen(substr($str, 0, $a_matches[0][1]));

答案 1 :(得分:25)

尝试在正则表达式之前添加(* UTF8)

preg_match('(*UTF8)/H/u', "\xC2\xA1Hola!", $a_matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE);

魔术,感谢评论 http://www.php.net/manual/es/function.preg-match.php#95828

答案 2 :(得分:18)

看起来这是一个“功能”,请参阅 http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=37391

'u'开关只对pcre有意义,PHP本身并不知道它。

从PHP的角度来看,字符串是字节序列,返回的字节偏移似乎是逻辑的(我不说“正确”)。

答案 3 :(得分:5)

对不起necroposting,但可能有人会发现它很有用:下面的代码可以作为preg_match和preg_match_all函数的替换,并返回与UTF8编码字符串的正确偏移的正确匹配。

     mb_internal_encoding('UTF-8');

     /**
     * Returns array of matches in same format as preg_match or preg_match_all
     * @param bool   $matchAll If true, execute preg_match_all, otherwise preg_match
     * @param string $pattern  The pattern to search for, as a string.
     * @param string $subject  The input string.
     * @param int    $offset   The place from which to start the search (in bytes).
     * @return array
     */
    function pregMatchCapture($matchAll, $pattern, $subject, $offset = 0)
    {
        $matchInfo = array();
        $method    = 'preg_match';
        $flag      = PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE;
        if ($matchAll) {
            $method .= '_all';
        }
        $n = $method($pattern, $subject, $matchInfo, $flag, $offset);
        $result = array();
        if ($n !== 0 && !empty($matchInfo)) {
            if (!$matchAll) {
                $matchInfo = array($matchInfo);
            }
            foreach ($matchInfo as $matches) {
                $positions = array();
                foreach ($matches as $match) {
                    $matchedText   = $match[0];
                    $matchedLength = $match[1];
                    $positions[]   = array(
                        $matchedText,
                        mb_strlen(mb_strcut($subject, 0, $matchedLength))
                    );
                }
                $result[] = $positions;
            }
            if (!$matchAll) {
                $result = $result[0];
            }
        }
        return $result;
    }

    $s1 = 'Попробуем русскую строку для теста';
    $s2 = 'Try english string for test';

    var_dump(pregMatchCapture(true, '/обу/', $s1));
    var_dump(pregMatchCapture(false, '/обу/', $s1));

    var_dump(pregMatchCapture(true, '/lish/', $s2));
    var_dump(pregMatchCapture(false, '/lish/', $s2));

我的例子的输出:

    array(1) {
      [0]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(2) {
          [0]=>
          string(6) "обу"
          [1]=>
          int(4)
        }
      }
    }
    array(1) {
      [0]=>
      array(2) {
        [0]=>
        string(6) "обу"
        [1]=>
        int(4)
      }
    }
    array(1) {
      [0]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(2) {
          [0]=>
          string(4) "lish"
          [1]=>
          int(7)
        }
      }
    }
    array(1) {
      [0]=>
      array(2) {
        [0]=>
        string(4) "lish"
        [1]=>
        int(7)
      }
    }

答案 4 :(得分:1)

如果您只想找到H的多字节安全位置,请尝试mb_strpos()

mb_internal_encoding('UTF-8');
$str = "\xC2\xA1Hola!";
$pos = mb_strpos($str, 'H');
echo $str."\n";
echo $pos."\n";
echo mb_substr($str,$pos,1)."\n";

输出:

¡Hola!
1
H

答案 5 :(得分:1)

我写了一个小类来将preg_match返回的偏移量转换为正确的utf偏移量:

final class NonUtfToUtfOffset
{
    /** @var int[] */
    private $utfMap = [];

    public function __construct(string $content)
    {
        $contentLength = mb_strlen($content);

        for ($offset = 0; $offset < $contentLength; $offset ++) {
            $char = mb_substr($content, $offset, 1);
            $nonUtfLength = strlen($char);

            for ($charOffset = 0; $charOffset < $nonUtfLength; $charOffset ++) {
                $this->utfMap[] = $offset;
            }
        }
    }

    public function convertOffset(int $nonUtfOffset): int
    {
        return $this->utfMap[$nonUtfOffset];
    }
}

你可以这样使用它:

$content = 'aą bać d';
$offsetConverter = new NonUtfToUtfOffset($content);

preg_match_all('#(bać)#ui', $content, $m, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE);

foreach ($m[1] as [$word, $offset]) {
    echo "bad: " . mb_substr($content, $offset, mb_strlen($word))."\n";
    echo "good: " . mb_substr($content, $offsetConverter->convertOffset($offset), mb_strlen($word))."\n";
}

https://3v4l.org/8Y32J

答案 6 :(得分:0)

您可能想看看T-Regx库。

pattern('/Hola/u')->match('\xC2\xA1Hola!')->first(function (Match $match) 
{
    echo $match->offset();     // characters
    echo $match->byteOffset(); // bytes
});

$match->offset()是UTF-8安全偏移量。