假设我有很多类似的数据类。这是一个示例类User
,其定义如下:
case class User (name: String, age: Int, posts: List[String]) {
val numPosts: Int = posts.length
...
def foo = "bar"
...
}
我感兴趣的是自动创建一个方法(在编译时),该方法以在运行时调用每个字段名称时将其映射到其值的方式返回Map
。对于上面的示例,假设我的方法名为toMap
:
val myUser = User("Foo", 25, List("Lorem", "Ipsum"))
myUser.toMap
应该返回
Map("name" -> "Foo", "age" -> 25, "posts" -> List("Lorem", "Ipsum"), "numPosts" -> 2)
你会如何使用宏来做到这一点?
这就是我所做的:首先,我创建了一个Model
类作为我所有数据类的超类,并在那里实现了这样的方法:
abstract class Model {
def toMap[T]: Map[String, Any] = macro toMap_impl[T]
}
class User(...) extends Model {
...
}
然后我在一个单独的Macros
对象中定义了一个宏实现:
object Macros {
import scala.language.experimental.macros
import scala.reflect.macros.Context
def getMap_impl[T: c.WeakTypeTag](c: Context): c.Expr[Map[String, Any]] = {
import c.universe._
val tpe = weakTypeOf[T]
// Filter members that start with "value", which are val fields
val members = tpe.members.toList.filter(m => !m.isMethod && m.toString.startsWith("value"))
// Create ("fieldName", field) tuples to construct a map from field names to fields themselves
val tuples =
for {
m <- members
val fieldString = Literal(Constant(m.toString.replace("value ", "")))
val field = Ident(m)
} yield (fieldString, field)
val mappings = tuples.toMap
/* Parse the string version of the map [i.e. Map("posts" -> (posts), "age" -> (age), "name" -> (name))] to get the AST
* for the map, which is generated as:
*
* Apply(Ident(newTermName("Map")),
* List(
* Apply(Select(Literal(Constant("posts")), newTermName("$minus$greater")), List(Ident(newTermName("posts")))),
* Apply(Select(Literal(Constant("age")), newTermName("$minus$greater")), List(Ident(newTermName("age")))),
* Apply(Select(Literal(Constant("name")), newTermName("$minus$greater")), List(Ident(newTermName("name"))))
* )
* )
*
* which is equivalent to Map("posts".$minus$greater(posts), "age".$minus$greater(age), "name".$minus$greater(name))
*/
c.Expr[Map[String, Any]](c.parse(mappings.toString))
}
}
但是当我尝试编译它时,我从sbt得到了这个错误:
[error] /Users/emre/workspace/DynamoReflection/core/src/main/scala/dynamo/Main.scala:9: not found: value posts
[error] foo.getMap[User]
[error] ^
首先编译Macros.scala。这是我的Build.scala的片段:
lazy val root: Project = Project(
"root",
file("core"),
settings = buildSettings
) aggregate(macros, core)
lazy val macros: Project = Project(
"macros",
file("macros"),
settings = buildSettings ++ Seq(
libraryDependencies <+= (scalaVersion)("org.scala-lang" % "scala-reflect" % _))
)
lazy val core: Project = Project(
"core",
file("core"),
settings = buildSettings
) dependsOn(macros)
我做错了什么?我认为编译器在创建表达式时也会尝试计算字段标识符,但我不知道如何在表达式中正确返回它们。你能告诉我怎么做吗?
非常感谢。
答案 0 :(得分:32)
请注意,如果没有toString
/ c.parse
业务,这可以更优雅地完成:
import scala.language.experimental.macros
abstract class Model {
def toMap[T]: Map[String, Any] = macro Macros.toMap_impl[T]
}
object Macros {
import scala.reflect.macros.Context
def toMap_impl[T: c.WeakTypeTag](c: Context) = {
import c.universe._
val mapApply = Select(reify(Map).tree, newTermName("apply"))
val pairs = weakTypeOf[T].declarations.collect {
case m: MethodSymbol if m.isCaseAccessor =>
val name = c.literal(m.name.decoded)
val value = c.Expr(Select(c.resetAllAttrs(c.prefix.tree), m.name))
reify(name.splice -> value.splice).tree
}
c.Expr[Map[String, Any]](Apply(mapApply, pairs.toList))
}
}
另请注意,如果您希望能够编写以下内容,则需要c.resetAllAttrs
位:
User("a", 1, Nil).toMap[User]
如果没有它,在这种情况下你会感到困惑ClassCastException
。
顺便说一句,这是我用来避免例如额外类型参数的技巧。编写这样的宏时user.toMap[User]
:
import scala.language.experimental.macros
trait Model
object Model {
implicit class Mappable[M <: Model](val model: M) extends AnyVal {
def asMap: Map[String, Any] = macro Macros.asMap_impl[M]
}
private object Macros {
import scala.reflect.macros.Context
def asMap_impl[T: c.WeakTypeTag](c: Context) = {
import c.universe._
val mapApply = Select(reify(Map).tree, newTermName("apply"))
val model = Select(c.prefix.tree, newTermName("model"))
val pairs = weakTypeOf[T].declarations.collect {
case m: MethodSymbol if m.isCaseAccessor =>
val name = c.literal(m.name.decoded)
val value = c.Expr(Select(model, m.name))
reify(name.splice -> value.splice).tree
}
c.Expr[Map[String, Any]](Apply(mapApply, pairs.toList))
}
}
}
现在我们可以写下以下内容:
scala> println(User("a", 1, Nil).asMap)
Map(name -> a, age -> 1, posts -> List())
并且不需要指定我们正在谈论User
。
答案 1 :(得分:12)
使用宏进行案例类转换的地图上有excellent blog post。
答案 2 :(得分:1)
现在为Scala 2.13
,case class
(它们是Product
的实现)提供了一种productElementNames方法,该方法返回其字段名称上的迭代器。
通过用productIterator获得的字段值来压缩字段名称,无论哪种情况,都可以得到Map
:
// val user = User("Foo", 25, List("Lorem", "Ipsum"))
(user.productElementNames zip user.productIterator).toMap
// Map[String, Any] = Map("name" -> "Foo", "age" -> 25, "posts" -> List("Lorem", "Ipsum"))