我有一个生成A类对象的地图的函数。
map<int,A> test()
{
map<int, A> m;
A a1(10); // constructor
A a2(20);
A a3(30);
m[0] = a1; m[1] = a2; m[2] = a3; // <-- copy constructor and = operator
return m;
}
当我执行这个函数时,我调用了构造函数,然后复制构造函数和=运算符调用。
map<int,A> x = test();
有没有办法让编译器优化它来只调用一个像返回值优化(RVO)这样的构造函数呢?
替代方法可能是使用指针,但我想知道是否有另一种方法。
map<int,A*> test3()
{
map<int, A*> m;
A* a1 = new A(10);
A* a2 = new A(20);
A* a3 = new A(30);
m[0] = a1; m[1] = a2; m[2] = a3;
return m;
}
...
map<int,A*> x = test3();
...
for (auto val: x)
{
delete val.second;
}
答案 0 :(得分:1)
如果您的实施支持,emplace:
#include <map>
#include <iostream>
struct A {
A(int) { std::cout << "ctor\n"; }
A(const A&) { std::cout << "copy ctor\n"; }
A(A&&) { std::cout << "move ctor\n"; }
~A() { std::cout << "dtor\n"; }
};
std::map<int,A> test()
{
std::map<int, A> m;
m.emplace(0, 10);
m.emplace(1, 20);
m.emplace(2, 30);
return m;
}
int main()
{
std::map<int, A> m = test();
std::cout << "m.size() = " << m.size() << '\n';
}
输出:
$ ./test
ctor
ctor
ctor
m.size() = 3
dtor
dtor
dtor
答案 1 :(得分:0)
我也用智能指针测试过,对我来说似乎很好。
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
using namespace std;
class A
{
int x;
public:
A() {
cout << "Default constructor called" << endl;
}
A(const A& rhs)
{
this->x = rhs.x;
cout << "Copy constructor called" << endl;
}
A& operator=(const A& rhs)
{
this->x = rhs.x;
cout << "Copy constructor called" << endl;
}
A(int x) : x(x) {
cout << "*I'm in" << endl;
}
~A() {
cout << "*I'm out" << endl;
}
int get() const {return x;}
void set(int x) {this->x = x;}
};
std::map<int,unique_ptr<A>> test()
{
std::map<int, unique_ptr<A>> m;
m[0] = unique_ptr<A>(new A(101));
m[1] = unique_ptr<A>(new A(201));
m[2] = unique_ptr<A>(new A(301));
return m;
}
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
auto m = test();
for (const auto& i: m)
{
cout << i.second->get() << endl;
}
}
结果:
*I'm in
*I'm in
*I'm in
101
201
301
*I'm out
*I'm out
*I'm out