在python中查找实例的所有成员,不包括__init__

时间:2013-06-11 11:57:29

标签: python oop python-2.7 introspection

vars关键字为我提供了实例中的所有变量,例如:

In [245]: vars(a)
Out[245]: {'propa': 0, 'propb': 1}

但是,我不知道列出我班级中定义的所有可调用成员的单一解决方案(例如参见此处:Finding what methods an object has),我添加了这些简单的改进,不包括__init__

In [244]: [method for method in dir(a) if callable(getattr(a, method)) and not method.startswith('__')]
Out[244]: ['say']

比较:

In [243]: inspect.getmembers(a)
Out[243]:
[('__class__', __main__.syncher),
 ('__delattr__',
  <method-wrapper '__delattr__' of syncher object at 0xd6d9dd0>),
 ('__dict__', {'propa': 0, 'propb': 1}),
 ('__doc__', None),
 ...snipped ...
 ('__format__', <function __format__>),
 ('__getattribute__',
  <method-wrapper '__getattribute__' of syncher object at 0xd6d9dd0>),
 ('__hash__', <method-wrapper '__hash__' of syncher object at 0xd6d9dd0>),
 ('__init__', <bound method syncher.__init__ of <__main__.syncher object at 0xd6d9dd0>>),
 ('__module__', '__main__'),
 ('__setattr__',
  <method-wrapper '__setattr__' of syncher object at 0xd6d9dd0>),
 ('__weakref__', None),
 ('propa', 0),
 ('propb', 1),
 ('say', <bound method syncher.say of <__main__.syncher object at 0xd6d9dd0>>)]

或者例如:

In [248]: [method for method in dir(a) if callable(getattr(a, method)) 
                and isinstance(getattr(a, method), types.MethodType)]
Out[248]: ['__init__', 'say']

我也找到了这个方法,它排除了内置例程:

In [258]: inspect.getmembers(a, predicate=inspect.ismethod)
Out[258]:
[('__init__',
  <bound method syncher.__init__ of <__main__.syncher object at 0xd6d9dd0>>),
 ('say', <bound method syncher.say of <__main__.syncher object at 0xd6d9dd0>>)]

所以,我的问题是:     你有更好的方法在Python 2.7.X中找到类中的所有方法(不包括__init__和所有内置方法)吗?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

由于没有其他人提供更好的解决方案,我猜Pythonic的方式是使用Python的STL:

inspect.getmembers(a, predicate=inspect.ismethod)

要排除init,可以使用filter