使用curl POST和bash脚本函数中定义的变量

时间：2013-06-10 17:52:11

标签： json bash curl javascript-objects

当我回音时，我得到了这个，当我把它输入终端时运行

curl -i \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type:application/json" \
-X POST --data '{"account":{"email":"akdgdtk@test.com","screenName":"akdgdtk","type":"NIKE","passwordSettings":{"password":"Starwars1","passwordConfirm":"Starwars1"}},"firstName":"Test","lastName":"User","middleName":"ObiWan","locale":"en_US","registrationSiteId":"520","receiveEmail":"false","dateOfBirth":"1984-12-25","mobileNumber":"9175555555","gender":"male","fuelActivationDate":"2010-10-22","postalCode":"10022","country":"US","city":"Beverton","state":"OR","bio":"This is a test user","jpFirstNameKana":"unsure","jpLastNameKana":"ofthis","height":"80","weight":"175","distanceUnit":"MILES","weightUnit":"POUNDS","heightUnit":"FT/INCHES"}' https://xxx:xxxxx@xxxx-www.xxxxx.com/xxxxx/xxxx/xxxx

但是当在bash脚本文件中运行时，我收到此错误

curl: (6) Could not resolve host: application; nodename nor servname provided, or not known
curl: (6) Could not resolve host: is; nodename nor servname provided, or not known
curl: (6) Could not resolve host: a; nodename nor servname provided, or not known
curl: (6) Could not resolve host: test; nodename nor servname provided, or not known
curl: (3) [globbing] unmatched close brace/bracket at pos 158

这是文件中的代码

curl -i \
-H '"'Accept: application/json'"' \
-H '"'Content-Type:application/json'"' \
-X POST --data "'"'{"account":{"email":"'$email'","screenName":"'$screenName'","type":"'$theType'","passwordSettings":{"password":"'$password'","passwordConfirm":"'$password'"}},"firstName":"'$firstName'","lastName":"'$lastName'","middleName":"'$middleName'","locale":"'$locale'","registrationSiteId":"'$registrationSiteId'","receiveEmail":"'$receiveEmail'","dateOfBirth":"'$dob'","mobileNumber":"'$mobileNumber'","gender":"'$gender'","fuelActivationDate":"'$fuelActivationDate'","postalCode":"'$postalCode'","country":"'$country'","city":"'$city'","state":"'$state'","bio":"'$bio'","jpFirstNameKana":"'$jpFirstNameKana'","jpLastNameKana":"'$jpLastNameKana'","height":"'$height'","weight":"'$weight'","distanceUnit":"MILES","weightUnit":"POUNDS","heightUnit":"FT/INCHES"}'"'" "https://xxx:xxxxx@xxxx-www.xxxxx.com/xxxxx/xxxx/xxxx"

我认为我的引号存在问题，但我和他们玩了很多，我也遇到了类似的错误。所有变量都在实际脚本中使用不同的函数定义

9 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：207)

您无需将包含自定义标头的引号传递给curl。此外，应引用data参数中间的变量。

首先，编写一个生成脚本后期数据的函数。这样可以避免出现与shell引用相关的各种麻烦，并且可以更轻松地读取维护脚本，而不是像在尝试中那样在curl的调用行上提供post数据：

generate_post_data()
{
  cat <<EOF
{
  "account": {
    "email": "$email",
    "screenName": "$screenName",
    "type": "$theType",
    "passwordSettings": {
      "password": "$password",
      "passwordConfirm": "$password"
    }
  },
  "firstName": "$firstName",
  "lastName": "$lastName",
  "middleName": "$middleName",
  "locale": "$locale",
  "registrationSiteId": "$registrationSiteId",
  "receiveEmail": "$receiveEmail",
  "dateOfBirth": "$dob",
  "mobileNumber": "$mobileNumber",
  "gender": "$gender",
  "fuelActivationDate": "$fuelActivationDate",
  "postalCode": "$postalCode",
  "country": "$country",
  "city": "$city",
  "state": "$state",
  "bio": "$bio",
  "jpFirstNameKana": "$jpFirstNameKana",
  "jpLastNameKana": "$jpLastNameKana",
  "height": "$height",
  "weight": "$weight",
  "distanceUnit": "MILES",
  "weightUnit": "POUNDS",
  "heightUnit": "FT/INCHES"
}
EOF
}

然后在调用curl时很容易使用该函数：

curl -i \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type:application/json" \
-X POST --data "$(generate_post_data)" "https://xxx:xxxxx@xxxx-www.xxxxx.com/xxxxx/xxxx/xxxx"

这就是说，这里有一些关于shell引用规则的澄清：

-H参数中的双引号（如-H "foo bar"中所示）告诉bash将内部的内容保留为单个参数（即使它包含空格）。

--data参数中的单引号（如--data 'foo bar'）中的单引号相同，除了它们逐字传递所有文本（包括双引号字符和美元符号）。

要在单个引用文本的中间插入变量，您必须结束单引号，然后使用双引号变量连接，并重新打开单引号以继续文本：'foo bar'"$variable"'more foo'。

答案 1 :(得分：57)

使用https://httpbin.org/和内联bash脚本测试的解决方案
1。对于没有空格的变量，即1：
在替换所需内容时，只需在'之前和之后添加$variable即可     串

for i in {1..3}; do \
  curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d \
    '{"number":"'$i'"}' "https://httpbin.org/post"; \
done

2。对于带空格的输入：
 使用附加"包裹变量，即"el a"：

declare -a arr=("el a" "el b" "el c"); for i in "${arr[@]}"; do \
  curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d \
    '{"elem":"'"$i"'"}' "https://httpbin.org/post"; \
done

哇工作:)

答案 2 :(得分：25)

Curl可以从文件中发布二进制数据，所以我一直在使用进程替换并利用文件描述符，每当我需要发布一些讨厌的curl并且仍然想要访问当前shell中的vars时。类似的东西：

curl "http://localhost:8080" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type:application/json" \
--data @<(cat <<EOF
{
  "me": "$USER",
  "something": $(date +%s)
  }
EOF
)

这看起来像--data @/dev/fd/<some number>，只是像普通文件一样被处理。无论如何，如果你想看到它在本地运行，只需先运行nc -l 8080，然后在另一个shell中运行上述命令。你会看到类似的东西：

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
User-Agent: curl/7.43.0
Accept: application/json
Content-Type:application/json
Content-Length: 43

{  "me": "username",  "something": 1465057519  }

正如你所看到的，你可以在heredoc中调用子壳以及诸如此类的参考变量。快乐的黑客希望这有助于'"'"'""""'''""''。

答案 3 :(得分：6)

迟了几年但如果你使用eval或反引号代替，这可能对某人有所帮助：

postDataJson="{\"guid\":\"$guid\",\"auth_token\":\"$token\"}"

使用sed从响应的开始和结束中删除引号

$(curl --silent -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://${target_host}/runs/get-work -d ${postDataJson} | sed -e 's/^"//' -e 's/"$//')

答案 4 :(得分：4)

  • 阿瑟斯爵士的信息完美无缺!!

以下是我在couchDB的curl脚本中使用它的方法。它确实有帮助 出了很多。谢谢！

bin/curl -X PUT "db_domain_name_:5984/_config/vhosts/$1.couchdb" -d '"/'"$1"'/"' --user "admin:*****"

答案 5 :(得分：4)

我们可以使用单引号 ' 为 curl 分配一个变量，并将一些其他变量括在双单双引号 "'" 中，以便curl-variable 内的替换。然后我们可以轻松地使用 curl-variable，这里是 MERGE。

示例：

# other variables ... 
REF_NAME="new-branch";

# variable for curl using single quote => ' not double "
MERGE='{
    "repository": "tmp",
    "command": "git",
    "args": [
        "pull",
        "origin",
        "'"$REF_NAME"'"
    ],
    "options": {
        "cwd": "/home/git/tmp"
    }
}';

注意这一行：

    "'"$REF_NAME"'"

所以我们可以像往常一样使用这个bash变量$MERGE并调用curl：

curl -s -X POST localhost:1365/M -H 'Content-Type: application/json' --data "$MERGE"

答案 6 :(得分：2)

在这里的答案指导下，这实际上是对我有用的东西：

export BASH_VARIABLE="[1,2,3]"
curl http://localhost:8080/path -d "$(cat <<EOF
{
  "name": $BASH_VARIABLE,
  "something": [
    "value1",
    "value2",
    "value3"
  ]
}
EOF
)" -H 'Content-Type: application/json'

答案 7 :(得分：0)

现有的答案指出，curl可以发布文件中的数据，并使用heredocs避免过多的引号转义，并将JSON明确地换行。但是，无需定义函数或捕获cat的输出，因为curl可以发布来自标准输入的数据。我发现此表格可读性强

curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '$@-' ${API_URL} << EOF
{
  "account": {
    "email": "$email",
    "screenName": "$screenName",
    "type": "$theType",
    "passwordSettings": {
      "password": "$password",
      "passwordConfirm": "$password"
    }
  },
  "firstName": "$firstName",
  "lastName": "$lastName",
  "middleName": "$middleName",
  "locale": "$locale",
  "registrationSiteId": "$registrationSiteId",
  "receiveEmail": "$receiveEmail",
  "dateOfBirth": "$dob",
  "mobileNumber": "$mobileNumber",
  "gender": "$gender",
  "fuelActivationDate": "$fuelActivationDate",
  "postalCode": "$postalCode",
  "country": "$country",
  "city": "$city",
  "state": "$state",
  "bio": "$bio",
  "jpFirstNameKana": "$jpFirstNameKana",
  "jpLastNameKana": "$jpLastNameKana",
  "height": "$height",
  "weight": "$weight",
  "distanceUnit": "MILES",
  "weightUnit": "POUNDS",
  "heightUnit": "FT/INCHES"
}
EOF

答案 8 :(得分：0)

将数据放入对我有用的 txt 文件

bash --version
GNU bash, version 4.2.46(2)-release (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)
curl --version
curl 7.29.0 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)
 cat curl_data.txt 
 {  "type":"index-pattern", "excludeExportDetails": true  }

curl -X POST http://localhost:30560/api/saved_objects/_export -H 'kbn-xsrf: true' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d "$(cat curl_data.txt)" -o out.json
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