我正在尝试理解代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
// constexpr functions use recursion rather than iteration
constexpr int factorial(int n)
{
return n <= 1 ? 1 : (n * factorial(n-1));
}
// literal class
class conststr {
const char * p;
std::size_t sz;
public:
template<std::size_t N>
constexpr conststr(const char(&a)[N]) : p(a), sz(N-1) {}
// constexpr functions signal errors by throwing exceptions from operator ?:
constexpr char operator[](std::size_t n) const {
return n < sz ? p[n] : throw std::out_of_range("");
}
constexpr std::size_t size() const { return sz; }
};
constexpr std::size_t countlower(conststr s, std::size_t n = 0,
std::size_t c = 0) {
return n == s.size() ? c :
s[n] >= 'a' && s[n] <= 'z' ? countlower(s, n+1, c+1) :
countlower(s, n+1, c);
}
// output function that requires a compile-time constant, for testing
template<int n> struct constN {
constN() { std::cout << n << '\n'; }
};
int main()
{
std::cout << "4! = " ;
constN<factorial(4)> out1; // computed at compile time
volatile int k = 8; // disallow optimization using volatile
std::cout << k << "! = " << factorial(k) << '\n'; // computed at run time
std::cout << "Number of lowercase letters in \"Hello, world!\" is ";
constN<countlower("Hello, world!")> out2; // implicitly converted to conststr
}
参数是什么
const char(&a)[N]
?我不明白..似乎是对数组的引用..以及将它传递给constexpr构造函数有什么意义?
答案 0 :(得分:4)
参数const char(&a)[N]
是对数组的引用。
关键是它允许编译器推导出数组的长度。如果没有引用,const char a[N]
作为参数将等同于const char* a
,它不允许推导出模板参数N
。
答案 1 :(得分:2)
这是(以及template<std::size_t N>
部分),一种获取常量字符串大小的方法,所以你可以这样做:
conststr hello("Hello, World!");
以后:
size_t s = hello.size();