matplotlib的自定义箭头样式,pyplot.annotate

时间:2013-06-06 17:02:38

标签: python matplotlib plot customization annotate

我正在使用matplotlib.pyplot.annotate在我的情节上绘制一个箭头,如下所示:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.annotate("",(x,ybottom),(x,ytop),arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->"))

我想使用一端为扁平线而另一端为箭头的箭头样式,因此将样式组合为“| - |”和“ - >”制作我们称之为“| - >”的东西,但我无法弄清楚如何定义自己的风格。

我想我可能会尝试像

这样的东西
import matplotlib.patches as patches                                                                                                                                                                              
myarrow = patches.ArrowStyle("Fancy", head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2)

(现在应该与“ - >”相同;我可以稍后调整样式)但是如何告诉plt.annotate使用myarrow作为样式? plt.annotate没有arrowstyle属性,而arrowprops = dict(arrowstyle = myarrow)也不起作用。

我也尝试在arrowprops字典中定义它,例如

plt.annotate("",(x,ybottom),(x,ytop),arrowprops=dict(head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2))

但是这给了我关于没有属性'set_head_width'的错误。

那么,如何定义自己的pyplot.annotate样式呢?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:7)

在代码的最后一个示例中,您可以使用headwidthfracwidth来自定义箭头,结果如下所示arrow0。对于高度自定义的箭头,您可以使用任意多边形。下面你可以看到我用来生成数字的代码。

要添加更多多边形,您必须编辑polygons字典,并且新多边形必须具有原点(0,0)的第一个和最后一个点,重新缩放和重新定位会自动完成。下图说明了如何定义多边形。

enter image description here

仍有一个缩小问题,即断开线与多边形的连接。 ' | - |>'您可以使用此自定义轻松创建您请求的箭头。

enter image description here

代码如下:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as patches
from matplotlib import transforms
import numpy as np
from numpy import cos, sin
plt.close()
plt.plot([1,2],[0,4], 'w')
ax = plt.gcf().axes[0]

def patchesAB(styleA, styleB, orig, target,
                widthA, lengthA, widthB, lengthB,
                kwargsA, kwargsB, shrinkA=0., shrinkB=0.):
    '''
    Select 'styleA' and 'styleB' from the dictionary 'polygons'
    widthA, lengthA, widthB, lenghtB, shrinkA, shrinkB are defined in points
    kwargsA and kwargsB are dictionaries
    '''
    polygons = {\
        '|':np.array([[0,0],[0,1],[0.1,1],[0.1,-1],[0,-1],[0,0]], dtype=float),
        'arrow1':np.array([[0,0],[0,1],[-1,2],[3,0],[-1,-2],[0,-1],[0,0]], dtype=float),
        'arrow2':np.array([[0,0],[-1,1],[0,2],[3,0],[0,-2],[-1,-1],[0,0]], dtype=float),
               }
    xyA = polygons.get( styleA )
    xyB = polygons.get( styleB )
    #
    fig = plt.gcf()
    ax = fig.axes[0]
    trans = ax.transData
    pixPunit = trans.transform([(1,0),(0,1)])-ax.transData.transform((0,0))
    unitPpix = pixPunit
    unitPpix[0,0] = 1/unitPpix[0,0]
    unitPpix[1,1] = 1/unitPpix[1,1]
    #
    orig = np.array(orig)
    target = np.array(target)
    vec = target-orig
    angle = np.arctan2( vec[1], vec[0] )
    #
    lengthA *= unitPpix[0,0]
    lengthB *= unitPpix[0,0]
    widthA  *= unitPpix[1,1]
    widthB  *= unitPpix[1,1]
    orig   += (unitPpix[1,1]*sin(angle)+unitPpix[0,0]*cos(angle))*vec*shrinkA
    target -= (unitPpix[1,1]*sin(angle)+unitPpix[0,0]*cos(angle))*vec*shrinkB
    #TODO improve shrinking... another attempt:
    #orig   +=  unitPpix.dot(vec) * shrinkA
    #target -=  unitPpix.dot(vec) * shrinkB
    # polA
    if xyA != None:
        a = transforms.Affine2D()
        tA = a.rotate_around( orig[0], orig[1], angle+np.pi ) + trans
        xyA = np.float_(xyA)
        xyA[:,0] *= lengthA/(xyA[:,0].max()-xyA[:,0].min())
        xyA[:,1] *=  widthA/(xyA[:,1].max()-xyA[:,1].min())
        xyA += orig
        polA = patches.Polygon( xyA, **kwargsA )
        polA.set_transform( tA )
    else:
        polA = None
    # polB
    if xyB != None:
        a = transforms.Affine2D()
        tB = a.rotate_around( target[0], target[1], angle ) + trans
        xyB = np.float_(xyB)
        xyB[:,0] *= lengthB/(xyB[:,0].max()-xyB[:,0].min())
        xyB[:,1] *=  widthB/(xyB[:,1].max()-xyB[:,1].min())
        xyB += target
        polB = patches.Polygon( xyB, **kwargsB )
        polB.set_transform( tB )
    else:
        polB = None
    return polA, polB

# ARROW 0
plt.annotate('arrow0',xy=(2,1.5),xycoords='data',
             xytext=(1.1,1), textcoords='data',
             arrowprops=dict(frac=0.1,headwidth=10., width=2.))
#
kwargsA = dict( lw=1., ec='k', fc='gray' )
kwargsB = dict( lw=1., ec='k', fc='b' )
# ARROW 1
orig = (1.1,2.)
target = (2.,2.5)
shrinkA = 0.
shrinkB = 0.
polA, polB = patchesAB( '|', 'arrow1', orig, target, 20.,1.,60.,60.,
                        kwargsA, kwargsB, shrinkA, shrinkB )
ax.add_patch(polA)
ax.add_patch(polB)

ax.annotate('arrow1', xy=target, xycoords='data',
             xytext=orig, textcoords='data',
             arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='-', patchA=polA, patchB=polB,
                 lw=1., shrinkA=shrinkA, shrinkB=shrinkB, relpos=(0.,0.),
                 mutation_scale=1.))
# ARROW 2
orig = (1.1,3.)
target = (2.,3.5)
polA, polB = patchesAB( '|', 'arrow2', orig, target, 20.,1.,60.,60.,
                        kwargsA, kwargsB, shrinkA, shrinkB )
ax.add_patch(polA)
ax.add_patch(polB)

ax.annotate('arrow2', xy=target, xycoords='data',
             xytext=orig, textcoords='data',
             arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='-', patchA=polA, patchB=polB,
                 lw=1., shrinkA=shrinkA, shrinkB=shrinkB, relpos=(0.,0.),
                 mutation_scale=1.))
plt.autoscale()
plt.xlim(1.,2.2)
plt.ylim(0.5,4)
plt.show()