我在CUDA中构建了一个基本内核,用于执行两个复矢量的元素矢量矢量乘法。内核代码插入下面(multiplyElementwise
)。它工作正常,但由于我注意到其他看似简单的操作(如缩放矢量)在CUBLAS或CULA等库中进行了优化,我想知道是否可以通过库调用替换我的代码?令我惊讶的是,CUBLAS和CULA都没有这个选项,我试图通过将一个向量作为对角矩阵向量乘积的对角线来伪造它,但结果真的很慢。
作为最后的手段,我尝试自己优化此代码(请参阅下面的multiplyElementwiseFast
),将两个向量加载到共享内存中,然后从那里开始工作,但这比原始代码慢。
所以我的问题:
multiplyElementwise
)吗?非常感谢任何帮助!
__global__ void multiplyElementwise(cufftComplex* f0, cufftComplex* f1, int size)
{
const int i = blockIdx.x*blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
if (i < size)
{
float a, b, c, d;
a = f0[i].x;
b = f0[i].y;
c = f1[i].x;
d = f1[i].y;
float k;
k = a * (c + d);
d = d * (a + b);
c = c * (b - a);
f0[i].x = k - d;
f0[i].y = k + c;
}
}
__global__ void multiplyElementwiseFast(cufftComplex* f0, cufftComplex* f1, int size)
{
const int i = blockIdx.x*blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
if (i < 4*size)
{
const int N = 256;
const int thId = threadIdx.x / 4;
const int rem4 = threadIdx.x % 4;
const int i4 = i / 4;
__shared__ float a[N];
__shared__ float b[N];
__shared__ float c[N];
__shared__ float d[N];
__shared__ float Re[N];
__shared__ float Im[N];
if (rem4 == 0)
{
a[thId] = f0[i4].x;
Re[thId] = 0.f;
}
if (rem4 == 1)
{
b[thId] = f0[i4].y;
Im[thId] = 0.f;
}
if (rem4 == 2)
c[thId] = f1[i4].x;
if (rem4 == 0)
d[thId] = f1[i4].y;
__syncthreads();
if (rem4 == 0)
atomicAdd(&(Re[thId]), a[thId]*c[thId]);
if (rem4 == 1)
atomicAdd(&(Re[thId]), -b[thId]*d[thId]);
if (rem4 == 2)
atomicAdd(&(Im[thId]), b[thId]*c[thId]);
if (rem4 == 3)
atomicAdd(&(Im[thId]), a[thId]*d[thId]);
__syncthreads();
if (rem4 == 0)
f0[i4].x = Re[thId];
if (rem4 == 1)
f0[i4].y = Im[thId];
}
}
答案 0 :(得分:5)
如果你想要实现的是一个复杂数字的简单元素产品,你似乎在multiplyElementwise
内核中做了一些额外的步骤,增加了寄存器的使用。您尝试计算的是:
f0[i].x = a*c - b*d;
f0[i].y = a*d + b*c;
自(a + ib)*(c + id) = (a*c - b*d) + i(a*d + b*c)
以来。通过使用改进的复数乘法,您可以进行1次乘法,增加3次和一些额外的寄存器。这是否合理可能取决于您使用的硬件。例如,如果您的硬件支持FMA(Fused Multiply-Add),那么这种优化可能效率不高。您应该考虑阅读本文档:“Precision & Performance:
Floating Point and IEEE 754 Compliance for NVIDIA GPUs”这也解决了浮点精度问题。
不过,您应该考虑使用Thrust。该库提供了许多高级工具,可以在主机和设备向量上运行。您可以在此处查看一长串示例:https://github.com/thrust/thrust/tree/master/examples。这会让你的生活更轻松。
在您的情况下,您可以使用this example并将其修改为以下内容:
#include <thrust/host_vector.h>
#include <thrust/device_vector.h>
#include <time.h>
struct ElementWiseProductBasic : public thrust::binary_function<float2,float2,float2>
{
__host__ __device__
float2 operator()(const float2& v1, const float2& v2) const
{
float2 res;
res.x = v1.x * v2.x - v1.y * v2.y;
res.y = v1.x * v2.y + v1.y * v2.x;
return res;
}
};
/**
* See: http://www.embedded.com/design/embedded/4007256/Digital-Signal-Processing-Tricks--Fast-multiplication-of-complex-numbers%5D
*/
struct ElementWiseProductModified : public thrust::binary_function<float2,float2,float2>
{
__host__ __device__
float2 operator()(const float2& v1, const float2& v2) const
{
float2 res;
float a, b, c, d, k;
a = v1.x;
b = v1.y;
c = v2.x;
d = v2.y;
k = a * (c + d);
d = d * (a + b);
c = c * (b - a);
res.x = k -d;
res.y = k + c;
return res;
}
};
int get_random_int(int min, int max)
{
return min + (rand() % (int)(max - min + 1));
}
thrust::host_vector<float2> init_vector(const size_t N)
{
thrust::host_vector<float2> temp(N);
for(size_t i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
temp[i].x = get_random_int(0, 10);
temp[i].y = get_random_int(0, 10);
}
return temp;
}
int main(void)
{
const size_t N = 100000;
const bool compute_basic_product = true;
const bool compute_modified_product = true;
srand(time(NULL));
thrust::host_vector<float2> h_A = init_vector(N);
thrust::host_vector<float2> h_B = init_vector(N);
thrust::device_vector<float2> d_A = h_A;
thrust::device_vector<float2> d_B = h_B;
thrust::host_vector<float2> h_result(N);
thrust::host_vector<float2> h_result_modified(N);
if (compute_basic_product)
{
thrust::device_vector<float2> d_result(N);
thrust::transform(d_A.begin(), d_A.end(),
d_B.begin(), d_result.begin(),
ElementWiseProductBasic());
h_result = d_result;
}
if (compute_modified_product)
{
thrust::device_vector<float2> d_result_modified(N);
thrust::transform(d_A.begin(), d_A.end(),
d_B.begin(), d_result_modified.begin(),
ElementWiseProductModified());
h_result_modified = d_result_modified;
}
std::cout << std::fixed;
for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
float2 a = h_A[i];
float2 b = h_B[i];
std::cout << "(" << a.x << "," << a.y << ")";
std::cout << " * ";
std::cout << "(" << b.x << "," << b.y << ")";
if (compute_basic_product)
{
float2 prod = h_result[i];
std::cout << " = ";
std::cout << "(" << prod.x << "," << prod.y << ")";
}
if (compute_modified_product)
{
float2 prod_modified = h_result_modified[i];
std::cout << " = ";
std::cout << "(" << prod_modified.x << "," << prod_modified.y << ")";
}
std::cout << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
返回:
(6.000000,5.000000) * (0.000000,1.000000) = (-5.000000,6.000000)
(3.000000,2.000000) * (0.000000,4.000000) = (-8.000000,12.000000)
(2.000000,10.000000) * (10.000000,4.000000) = (-20.000000,108.000000)
(4.000000,8.000000) * (10.000000,9.000000) = (-32.000000,116.000000)
然后,您可以比较两种不同乘法策略的时间,并选择最适合您的硬件。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
您可以使用cublasZdgmm。
cublasStatus_t cublasZdgmm(cublasHandle_t handle, cublasSideMode_t mode,
int m, int n,
const cuDoubleComplex *A, int lda,
const cuDoubleComplex *x, int incx,
cuDoubleComplex *C, int ldc)