Python`map`和参数解包

时间:2013-06-01 15:23:59

标签: python map-function

我知道,

map(function, arguments)

相当于

for argument in arguments:
    function(argument)

是否可以使用map功能执行以下操作?

for arg, kwargs in arguments:
    function(arg, **kwargs)

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:19)

你可以使用lambda:

map(lambda a: function(a[0], **a[1]), arguments)

或者您可以使用生成器表达式或列表推导,具体取决于您的需要:

(function(a, **k) for a, k in arguments)
[function(a, **k) for a, k in arguments]

在Python 2中,map()返回一个列表(因此列表推导是等价的),在Python 3中,map()是一个生成器(因此生成器表达式可以替换它)。

没有直接执行此操作的内置或标准库方法;用例过于专业化。

答案 1 :(得分:11)

仅针对位置参数的情况,您可以使用itertools.starmap(fun, args)

  

返回一个迭代器,其值是从使用从给定序列中取得的参数元组计算的函数返回的。

示例:

from itertools import starmap

def f(i, arg):
    print(arg * (i+1))

for _ in starmap(f, enumerate(["a", "b", "c"])):
    pass

打印:

a
bb
ccc

答案 2 :(得分:0)

您必须记住,map会将参数作为一个元组而不是单独的参数传递给函数。如果您无法更改原始功能,可以使用辅助功能调用它:

def f(tup):
    args, kwargs = tup
    function(args, **kwargs)

map(f, arguments)

答案 3 :(得分:0)

我一直在满足同样的需求,最终制作了以下功能:

def kwarg_map(element_constructor, **kwarg_lists):
    """
    A helper function for when you want to construct a chain of objects with individual arguments for each one.  Can
    be easier to read than a list expansion.

    :param element_constructor: A function of the form object = fcn(**kwargs)
    :param kwarg_lists: A dict of lists, where the index identifies two which element its corresponding value will go.
    :return: A list of objects.

    e.g. Initializing a chain of layers:
        layer_sizes = [784, 240, 240, 10]
        layers = kwarg_map(
            Layer,
            n_in = layer_sizes[:-1],
            n_out = layer_sizes[1:],
            activation = ['tanh', 'tanh', 'softmax'],
            )

    is equivalent to:
        layers = [Layer(n_in=784, n_out=240, activation='tanh'), Layer(n_in=240, n_out=240, activation='tanh'), Layer(n_in=240, n_out=10, activation='softmax')]
    """
    all_lens = [len(v) for v in kwarg_lists.values()]
    assert len(kwarg_lists)>0, "You need to specify at least list of arguments (otherwise you don't need this function)"
    n_elements = all_lens[0]
    assert all(n_elements == le for le in all_lens), 'Inconsistent lengths: %s' % (all_lens, )
    return [element_constructor(**{k: v[i] for k, v in kwarg_lists.iteritems()}) for i in xrange(n_elements)]