如何以跨平台的方式获取(几乎)唯一的系统标识符?

时间:2013-05-31 13:44:38

标签: c++ cross-platform uniqueidentifier

我正在寻找一种方法来获得一个在不同机器上运行代码几乎肯定会改变的数字,并且几乎肯定在同一台机器上的两次运行之间保持不变。

如果我在Linux中作为shell脚本执行此操作,我会使用以下内容:

{ uname -n ; cat /proc/meminfo | head -n1 ; cat /proc/cpuinfo ; } | md5sum

但我需要用C ++(使用boost),至少在Windows,Linux和Mac上使用它。

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:43)

要生成大多数唯一的计算机ID,您可以从系统上的各种硬件中获取一些序列号。大多数处理器都有一个CPU序列号,每个硬盘都有一个号码,每个网卡都有一个唯一的MAC地址。

您可以获取这些并为机器构建指纹。在将其声明为新计算机之前,您可能希望允许更改其中一些数字。 (例如,如果三个中的两个是相同的,那么机器是相同的)。因此,您可以稍微优雅地处理升级组件。

我从我的一个获得这些数字的项目中剪切了一些代码。

视窗:

#include "machine_id.h"   

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN        
#include <windows.h>      
#include <intrin.h>       
#include <iphlpapi.h>     


// we just need this for purposes of unique machine id. So any one or two mac's is       
// fine. 
u16 hashMacAddress( PIP_ADAPTER_INFO info )          
{        
   u16 hash = 0;          
   for ( u32 i = 0; i < info->AddressLength; i++ )   
   {     
      hash += ( info->Address[i] << (( i & 1 ) * 8 ));        
   }     
   return hash;           
}        

void getMacHash( u16& mac1, u16& mac2 )              
{        
   IP_ADAPTER_INFO AdapterInfo[32];                  
   DWORD dwBufLen = sizeof( AdapterInfo );           

   DWORD dwStatus = GetAdaptersInfo( AdapterInfo, &dwBufLen );                  
   if ( dwStatus != ERROR_SUCCESS )                  
      return; // no adapters.      

   PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pAdapterInfo = AdapterInfo;      
   mac1 = hashMacAddress( pAdapterInfo );            
   if ( pAdapterInfo->Next )       
      mac2 = hashMacAddress( pAdapterInfo->Next );   

   // sort the mac addresses. We don't want to invalidate     
   // both macs if they just change order.           
   if ( mac1 > mac2 )     
   {     
      u16 tmp = mac2;     
      mac2 = mac1;        
      mac1 = tmp;         
   }     
}        

u16 getVolumeHash()       
{        
   DWORD serialNum = 0;   

   // Determine if this volume uses an NTFS file system.      
   GetVolumeInformation( "c:\\", NULL, 0, &serialNum, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0 );    
   u16 hash = (u16)(( serialNum + ( serialNum >> 16 )) & 0xFFFF );              

   return hash;           
}        

u16 getCpuHash()          
{        
   int cpuinfo[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };                  
   __cpuid( cpuinfo, 0 );          
   u16 hash = 0;          
   u16* ptr = (u16*)(&cpuinfo[0]); 
   for ( u32 i = 0; i < 8; i++ )   
      hash += ptr[i];     

   return hash;           
}        

const char* getMachineName()       
{        
   static char computerName[1024]; 
   DWORD size = 1024;     
   GetComputerName( computerName, &size );           
   return &(computerName[0]);      
}

Linux和OsX:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>          
#include <errno.h>           
#include <sys/types.h>       
#include <sys/socket.h>      
#include <sys/ioctl.h>  
#include <sys/resource.h>    
#include <sys/utsname.h>       
#include <netdb.h>           
#include <netinet/in.h>      
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>                 
#include <netinet/ip.h>      
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> 
#include <assert.h>

#ifdef DARWIN                    
#include <net/if_dl.h>       
#include <ifaddrs.h>         
#include <net/if_types.h>    
#else //!DARWIN              
// #include <linux/if.h>        
// #include <linux/sockios.h>   
#endif //!DARWIN               

const char* getMachineName() 
{ 
   static struct utsname u;  

   if ( uname( &u ) < 0 )    
   {       
      assert(0);             
      return "unknown";      
   }       

   return u.nodename;        
}   


//---------------------------------get MAC addresses ------------------------------------unsigned short-unsigned short----------        
// we just need this for purposes of unique machine id. So any one or two mac's is fine.            
unsigned short hashMacAddress( unsigned char* mac )                 
{ 
   unsigned short hash = 0;             

   for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < 6; i++ )              
   {       
      hash += ( mac[i] << (( i & 1 ) * 8 ));           
   }       
   return hash;              
} 

void getMacHash( unsigned short& mac1, unsigned short& mac2 )       
{ 
   mac1 = 0;                 
   mac2 = 0;                 

#ifdef DARWIN                

   struct ifaddrs* ifaphead; 
   if ( getifaddrs( &ifaphead ) != 0 )        
      return;                

   // iterate over the net interfaces         
   bool foundMac1 = false;   
   struct ifaddrs* ifap;     
   for ( ifap = ifaphead; ifap; ifap = ifap->ifa_next )                  
   {       
      struct sockaddr_dl* sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl*)ifap->ifa_addr;     
      if ( sdl && ( sdl->sdl_family == AF_LINK ) && ( sdl->sdl_type == IFT_ETHER ))                 
      {    
          if ( !foundMac1 )  
          {                  
             foundMac1 = true;                
             mac1 = hashMacAddress( (unsigned char*)(LLADDR(sdl))); //sdl->sdl_data) + sdl->sdl_nlen) );       
          } else {           
             mac2 = hashMacAddress( (unsigned char*)(LLADDR(sdl))); //sdl->sdl_data) + sdl->sdl_nlen) );       
             break;          
          }                  
      }    
   }       

   freeifaddrs( ifaphead );  

#else // !DARWIN             

   int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP );                  
   if ( sock < 0 ) return;   

   // enumerate all IP addresses of the system         
   struct ifconf conf;       
   char ifconfbuf[ 128 * sizeof(struct ifreq)  ];      
   memset( ifconfbuf, 0, sizeof( ifconfbuf ));         
   conf.ifc_buf = ifconfbuf; 
   conf.ifc_len = sizeof( ifconfbuf );        
   if ( ioctl( sock, SIOCGIFCONF, &conf ))    
   {       
      assert(0);             
      return;                
   }       

   // get MAC address        
   bool foundMac1 = false;   
   struct ifreq* ifr;        
   for ( ifr = conf.ifc_req; (char*)ifr < (char*)conf.ifc_req + conf.ifc_len; ifr++ ) 
   {       
      if ( ifr->ifr_addr.sa_data == (ifr+1)->ifr_addr.sa_data )          
         continue;  // duplicate, skip it     

      if ( ioctl( sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, ifr ))           
         continue;  // failed to get flags, skip it    
      if ( ioctl( sock, SIOCGIFHWADDR, ifr ) == 0 )    
      {    
         if ( !foundMac1 )   
         { 
            foundMac1 = true;                 
            mac1 = hashMacAddress( (unsigned char*)&(ifr->ifr_addr.sa_data));       
         } else {            
            mac2 = hashMacAddress( (unsigned char*)&(ifr->ifr_addr.sa_data));       
            break;           
         } 
      }    
   }       

   close( sock );            

#endif // !DARWIN            

   // sort the mac addresses. We don't want to invalidate                
   // both macs if they just change order.    
   if ( mac1 > mac2 )        
   {       
      unsigned short tmp = mac2;        
      mac2 = mac1;           
      mac1 = tmp;            
   }       
} 

unsigned short getVolumeHash()          
{ 
   // we don't have a 'volume serial number' like on windows. Lets hash the system name instead.    
   unsigned char* sysname = (unsigned char*)getMachineName();       
   unsigned short hash = 0;             

   for ( unsigned int i = 0; sysname[i]; i++ )         
      hash += ( sysname[i] << (( i & 1 ) * 8 ));       

   return hash;              
} 

#ifdef DARWIN                
 #include <mach-o/arch.h>    
 unsigned short getCpuHash()            
 {         
     const NXArchInfo* info = NXGetLocalArchInfo();    
     unsigned short val = 0;            
     val += (unsigned short)info->cputype;               
     val += (unsigned short)info->cpusubtype;            
     return val;             
 }         

#else // !DARWIN             

 static void getCpuid( unsigned int* p, unsigned int ax )       
 {         
    __asm __volatile         
    (   "movl %%ebx, %%esi\n\t"               
        "cpuid\n\t"          
        "xchgl %%ebx, %%esi" 
        : "=a" (p[0]), "=S" (p[1]),           
          "=c" (p[2]), "=d" (p[3])            
        : "0" (ax)           
    );     
 }         

 unsigned short getCpuHash()            
 {         
    unsigned int cpuinfo[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };          
    getCpuid( cpuinfo, 0 );  
    unsigned short hash = 0;            
    unsigned int* ptr = (&cpuinfo[0]);                 
    for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < 4; i++ )             
       hash += (ptr[i] & 0xFFFF) + ( ptr[i] >> 16 );   

    return hash;             
 }         
#endif // !DARWIN            

int main()
{

  printf("Machine: %s\n", getMachineName());
  printf("CPU: %d\n", getCpuHash());
  printf("Volume: %d\n", getVolumeHash());
  return 0;
}    

答案 1 :(得分:1)

我知道,问题有点太老了,无法回答。但我在很多场合都遇到过这个问题。我喜欢接受解决方案,但是如果你已经尝试过代码,那么你就会知道它有问题。

首先,CPU ID是产品ID-它不是序列号。因此,如果您在另一台服务器上拥有相同的CPU,那么它就无法运行。 MAC地址也可以轻松更改。

如果你只想在Linux上完成这项工作,你可以试试hal服务。即

hal-get-property --udi /org/freedesktop/Hal/devices/computer --key system.hardware.uuid

但最好的办法是,如果你可以强制执行root访问,如果你想弄脏你的话,那就是查看dmidecode的代码。它将允许您提取Chasis,Bios,Video和System的UUID。你无法击败那个:)并且通过一些调整你可以把它转换成一个类。

答案 2 :(得分:0)

也许您可以从独特的硬件ID中生成几乎唯一的ID - MAC是普遍独一无二的,您也可以使用cpu model

在我看来,你应该只挑选那些可能不会经常更改的东西,如cpu或LAN / WLAN卡。

答案 3 :(得分:0)

一个非常便携的解决方案是使用当前可执行文件的修改时间。 stat函数在unix和windows上可用,虽然API不同,因此您需要使用一些IFDEFs

二进制文件不可能在同一时间部署到不同的计算机,因此ID应该是唯一的。缺点是二进制更新将改变ID。