Question

我有一个模型，我试图在不调用数据库层的情况下测试验证。我不会用文字描述，而只是发布一些示例代码。这里的问题是与Bar的ForeignKey关系，这与我正在尝试测试的内容无关，但是阻止我运行我想要的测试。

首先，myapp/models.py：

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.db import models


class BadFooError(ValidationError):
    pass


class Bar(models.Model):
    description = models.CharField(max_length=20)


class Foo(models.Model):
    bar = models.ForeignKey(Bar)

    a_value = models.IntegerField()

    b_value = models.BooleanField()

    def clean(self):
        super(Foo, self).clean()
        if self.b_value and self.a_value > 50:
            raise BadFooError("No good")

接下来，myapp/tests.py：

from unittest import TestCase

from mock import MagicMock

from . import models


class SimpleTest(TestCase):

    def test_avalue_bvalue_validation(self):
        foo = models.Foo()
        foo.a_value = 30
        foo.b_value = True
        foo.bar = MagicMock(spec=models.Bar)
        self.assertRaises(models.BadFooError, foo.full_clean)

    def test_method_2(self):
        foo = models.Foo()
        foo.a_value = 30
        foo.b_value = True
        foo.bar = MagicMock()
        foo.__class__ = models.Bar
        self.assertRaises(models.BadFooError, foo.full_clean)

    def test_method_3(self):
        foo = models.Foo()
        foo.a_value = 30
        foo.b_value = True
        # ignore it and it will go away ...??
        self.assertRaises(models.BadFooError, foo.full_clean)

最后，python manage.py test myapp

的输出

EEE
======================================================================
ERROR: test_avalue_bvalue_validation (myapp.tests.SimpleTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "~/sandbox/myapp/tests.py", line 14, in test_avalue_bvalue_validation
    foo.bar = MagicMock(spec=models.Bar)
  File "~/dsbx/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related.py", line 408, in __set__
    instance._state.db = router.db_for_write(instance.__class__, instance=value)
  File "~/dsbx/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 142, in _route_db
    return hints['instance']._state.db or DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
  File "~/dsbx/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/mock.py", line 658, in __getattr__
    raise AttributeError("Mock object has no attribute %r" % name)
AttributeError: Mock object has no attribute '_state'

======================================================================
ERROR: test_method_2 (myapp.tests.SimpleTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "~/sandbox/myapp/tests.py", line 21, in test_method_2
    foo.bar = MagicMock()
  File "~/dsbx/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related.py", line 405, in __set__
    self.field.name, self.field.rel.to._meta.object_name))
ValueError: Cannot assign "<MagicMock id='31914832'>": "Foo.bar" must be a "Bar" instance.

======================================================================
ERROR: test_method_3 (myapp.tests.SimpleTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "~/sandbox/myapp/tests.py", line 29, in test_method_3
    self.assertRaises(models.BadFooError, foo.full_clean)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/unittest/case.py", line 471, in assertRaises
    callableObj(*args, **kwargs)
  File "~/dsbx/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 926, in full_clean
    raise ValidationError(errors)
ValidationError: {'bar': [u'This field cannot be null.']}

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.003s

FAILED (errors=3)
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

所以我的问题是......扫管笏吗？

Answer 1

在我的单元测试中，我只是将_state分配给一个新的Mock实例，就像你对第一个单元测试的小改动一样：

def test_avalue_bvalue_validation(self):
    foo = models.Foo()
    foo.a_value = 30
    foo.b_value = True
    bar = Mock(spec=models.Bar)
    bar._state = Mock()
    foo.bar = bar
    self.assertRaises(models.BadFooError, foo.full_clean)

但是，为了将验证测试为黑盒子，我会将验证代码拉入模型中的单独方法，我将在clean()方法中调用该方法。然后，您可以专门对此验证码进行单元测试。你仍然需要进行_stage = Mock()赋值，这样你就可以创建你的Foo实例，但至少你将最小化对Django的调用。

Answer 2

好吧，现在我只是将我的断言切换为self.assertRaises(models.BadFooError, foo.clean)（差异为foo.clean代替foo.full_clean）。虽然这个有效，但它似乎并不理想。我想将验证测试为黑盒子。

如何使用Mock库来模拟Django ForeignKey值？

2 个答案: