实现类似C语句的断言

时间:2013-05-26 08:48:15

标签: python

我正在尝试实现一个断言函数。如何将失败条件的文本放入错误消息中?如果我必须从回溯中解析它,我可以依赖任何关于帧格式的东西吗?

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

AssertionError就像python中的任何其他异常一样,assert是一个等同于

的简单语句
if __debug__:
    if not expression: raise AssertionError

if __debug__:
    if not expression1: raise AssertionError(expression2)

因此您可以在断言中添加第二个参数以获得额外的输出

from sys import exc_info
from traceback import print_exception
# assertions are simply exceptions in Python
try:
    assert False, "assert was false"
except AssertionError:
    print_exception(*exc_info())

输出

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
AssertionError: assert was false

答案 1 :(得分:2)

如果您确定要测试的表达式是安全的,您可以执行以下操作:

档案my_assert.py:

import sys

def my_assert(condition):
    caller = sys._getframe(1)
    if not eval(condition, caller.f_globals, caller.f_locals):
        raise AssertionError(repr(condition) + " on line " +
                             str(caller.f_lineno) + ' in ' +
                             caller.f_code.co_name)

文件test_my_assert.py:

from my_assert import my_assert

global_var = 42

def test():
    local_var = 17
    my_assert('local_var*2 < global_var') # OK
    my_assert('local_var > global_var')

test()

输出:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test_my_assert.py", line 10, in <module>
    test()
  File "test_my_assert.py", line 8, in test
    my_assert('local_var > global_var')
  File "my_assert.py", line 8, in my_assert
    caller.f_code.co_name)
AssertionError: 'local_var > global_var' on line 8 in test

答案 2 :(得分:0)

我非常苛刻的解决方案:

def my_assert(condition):
    if not eval(condition):
        # error stuff

然后通过将条件放在引号中来使用它。然后是一个可以在错误消息中打印的字符串。

或者,如果您希望它实际提出AssertionError

def my_assert(condition):
    if not eval(condition):
        raise AssertionError(condition)