按位整数转换

时间:2013-05-24 13:47:15

标签: c++

我必须使用返回int32_t的API。但实际值可能是较小的有符号/无符号类型。要了解API返回ENUM值的确切类型。它看起来像这样:

typedef enum Int{
    Int8,
    Int16,
    Int32,
    Uint8,
    Uint16,
    Uint32
}IntT;

typedef struct{
    IntT (*getType)();
    void (*getInt)(int32_t* out);

}IntegerT;

我想通过知道枚举值将int32_t的值转换为实际类型。有时我甚至想在我的代码中将unsigned int32分配给unsigned int64变量。知道unsigned int32作为int32_t返回,如果值足够大,那么它在此类型中表示为负值,如果我只是static_cast它到uint64_t那么符号位被扩展以填充uint64_t中的所有高位这产生了与预期完全不同的无符号值。

因此,我编写了一个强制转换函数,应该将更大的int类型或更小的int类型转换为正确的值。但是,我觉得这可能是一个已知问题,并且可能存在已有的解决方案。以下是功能。如果您认为可以改进或者有更好的解决方案,请通知我(虽然我已经使这个功能比我真正需要的更通用了)。

编辑:关于Endianness,这是便携式的。

编辑:删除了有关签名/未签名比较的编译器警告。

#include <limits>
#include <boost/static_assert.hpp> //BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT
#include <stdexcept>
#include <cstring>
#include <boost/type_traits/make_unsigned.hpp>


namespace Detail
{
/** This a implementation helper class for bitwise_int_cast function */
template<bool IsToTypeSigned, bool IsFromTypeSigned>
class Converter
{
public:
    template<typename ToIntType, typename FromIntType>
    ToIntType convert(FromIntType from) {
        BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(from) == 0); //This prevents this generic implementation being compiled
        return from;
    }
};

/** From signed to signed */
template<>
template<typename ToIntType, typename FromIntType>
ToIntType Converter<true, true>::convert(FromIntType from)
{
    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(std::numeric_limits<ToIntType>::is_signed && std::numeric_limits<FromIntType>::is_signed);
    if((from < std::numeric_limits<ToIntType>::min()) ||
            (from > std::numeric_limits<ToIntType>::max())
      ) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Integer overflow in casting from large signed rvalue into smaller signed lvalue");
    }
    return static_cast<ToIntType>(from);
}

/** From signed to unsigned */
template<>
template<typename ToIntType, typename FromIntType>
ToIntType Converter<false, true>::convert(FromIntType from)
{
    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(!std::numeric_limits<ToIntType>::is_signed && std::numeric_limits<FromIntType>::is_signed);
   typedef typename boost::make_unsigned<FromIntType>::type unsignedType;
   unsignedType unsignedIn = from;

   if(std::numeric_limits<FromIntType>::digits < std::numeric_limits<ToIntType>::digits) {
       if(from < 0) {
           return unsignedIn;
       }
    } else {
        if(from > 0) {
            if (unsignedIn > std::numeric_limits<ToIntType>::max()) {
                throw std::runtime_error("Integer overflow in casting from large signed rvalue into smaller unsigned lvalue");
            }
        } else if (from < 0) {
            throw std::runtime_error("Integer overflow in casting from large signed rvalue into smaller unsigned lvalue");
        }
    }
    return unsignedIn;
}

/** From unsigned to signed */
template<>
template<typename ToIntType, typename FromIntType>
ToIntType Converter<true, false>::convert(FromIntType from)
{
    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(std::numeric_limits<ToIntType>::is_signed && !std::numeric_limits<FromIntType>::is_signed);
    if(std::numeric_limits<ToIntType>::digits < std::numeric_limits<FromIntType>::digits) {
        typename boost::make_unsigned<ToIntType>::type allBitsSet = -1; //e.g. 0xFFFF
        if( from > allBitsSet) {
            throw std::runtime_error("Integer overflow in casting from large unsigned rvalue into smaller signed lvalue");
        }
    }
    return static_cast<ToIntType>(from);
}

/** From unsigned to unsigned */
template<>
template<typename ToIntType, typename FromIntType>
ToIntType Converter<false, false>::convert(FromIntType from)
{

    if(from > std::numeric_limits<ToIntType>::max()) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Integer overflow in casting from large unsigned rvalue into smaller unsigned lvalue");
    }
    return static_cast<ToIntType>(from);
}


}


/**
 * This cast only cares about integer sizes not sign mismatch
 * works only on two's complement (Big or Little Endian) Machines
 */
template<typename ToIntType, typename FromIntType>
inline ToIntType bitwise_int_cast(FromIntType from)
{
    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(std::numeric_limits<ToIntType>::is_integer && std::numeric_limits<FromIntType>::is_integer);
    Detail::Converter<std::numeric_limits<ToIntType>::is_signed, std::numeric_limits<FromIntType>::is_signed> converter;
    return converter.template convert<ToIntType>(from);
}

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

您可以使用联合:

union mergeint_t
{
  int8_t int8;
  int16_t int16;
  int32_t int32;
  int64_t int64;
  //..
};

将值分配给int32:

  mergeval.int32=yourFunctionReturningInt32();

然后从联合的适当成员访问该值。

if (type==INT8_T) {
  int8val = mergeint.int8;
}

//编辑:

我测试了这个方法,因为我不确定字节顺序是否会在这里正确保存。在我的Linux上,下面的程序运行正常:

int main() {
  union mergeint_t mergeval;
  mergeval.int64=11;
  printf("mergeval int8=[%d]\n\n", mergeval.int8);
}

提供输出:mergeval int8=[11]

// EDIT2:

是的,此方法可能无法在Big Endian计算机上运行。我没有,所以我无法测试它。很抱歉以前没有提过它。我认为,如果我在上面的疑虑中提到了字节顺序,那么它或多或少会清楚它是一个可能有限的解决方案。