Question

所有，我正在编写一个依赖flask-principal来管理用户角色的瓶子应用程序。我想编写一些简单的单元测试来检查哪些用户可以访问哪些视图。代码示例已发布on pastebin，以避免混淆此帖子。简而言之，我定义了一些路由，修改了一些路径，以便只有具有适当角色的用户才能访问它们，然后尝试在测试中访问它们。

在粘贴的代码中，test_member和test_admin_b都失败了，抱怨PermissionDenied。显然，我没有正确宣布用户;至少，有关用户角色的信息不在正确的上下文中。

任何有关上下文处理复杂性的帮助或见解都将深受赞赏。

Answer 1

Flask-Principal不会在请求之间存储您的信息。无论你喜欢什么，都可以由你来做。记住这一点并考虑一下您的测试。您可以使用test_request_context方法调用setUpClass方法。这将创建一个新的请求上下文。您还在测试中使用self.client.get(..)进行测试客户端调用。这些调用会创建彼此之间不共享的其他请求上下文。因此，对identity_changed.send(..)的调用不会发生在检查权限的请求的上下文中。我已经开始编辑您的代码以使测试通过，希望它能帮助您理解。请特别注意我在before_request方法中添加的create_app过滤器。

import hmac
import unittest

from functools import wraps
from hashlib import sha1

import flask

from flask.ext.principal import Principal, Permission, RoleNeed, Identity, \
    identity_changed, identity_loaded current_app


def roles_required(*roles):
    """Decorator which specifies that a user must have all the specified roles.
    Example::

        @app.route('/dashboard')
        @roles_required('admin', 'editor')
        def dashboard():
            return 'Dashboard'

    The current user must have both the `admin` role and `editor` role in order
    to view the page.

    :param args: The required roles.

    Source: https://github.com/mattupstate/flask-security/
    """
    def wrapper(fn):
        @wraps(fn)
        def decorated_view(*args, **kwargs):
            perms = [Permission(RoleNeed(role)) for role in roles]
            for perm in perms:
                if not perm.can():
                    # return _get_unauthorized_view()
                    flask.abort(403)
            return fn(*args, **kwargs)
        return decorated_view
    return wrapper



def roles_accepted(*roles):
    """Decorator which specifies that a user must have at least one of the
    specified roles. Example::

        @app.route('/create_post')
        @roles_accepted('editor', 'author')
        def create_post():
            return 'Create Post'

    The current user must have either the `editor` role or `author` role in
    order to view the page.

    :param args: The possible roles.
    """
    def wrapper(fn):
        @wraps(fn)
        def decorated_view(*args, **kwargs):
            perm = Permission(*[RoleNeed(role) for role in roles])
            if perm.can():
                return fn(*args, **kwargs)
            flask.abort(403)
        return decorated_view
    return wrapper


def _on_principal_init(sender, identity):
    if identity.id == 'admin':
        identity.provides.add(RoleNeed('admin'))
    identity.provides.add(RoleNeed('member'))


def create_app():
    app = flask.Flask(__name__)
    app.debug = True
    app.config.update(SECRET_KEY='secret', TESTING=True)
    principal = Principal(app)
    identity_loaded.connect(_on_principal_init)

    @app.before_request
    def determine_identity():
        # This is where you get your user authentication information. This can
        # be done many ways. For instance, you can store user information in the
        # session from previous login mechanism, or look for authentication
        # details in HTTP headers, the querystring, etc...
        identity_changed.send(current_app._get_current_object(), identity=Identity('admin'))

    @app.route('/')
    def index():
        return "OK"

    @app.route('/member')
    @roles_accepted('admin', 'member')
    def role_needed():
        return "OK"

    @app.route('/admin')
    @roles_required('admin')
    def connect_admin():
        return "OK"

    @app.route('/admin_b')
    @admin_permission.require()
    def connect_admin_alt():
        return "OK"

    return app


admin_permission = Permission(RoleNeed('admin'))


class WorkshopTest(unittest.TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        app = create_app()
        cls.app = app
        cls.client = app.test_client()

    def test_basic(self):
        r = self.client.get('/')
        self.assertEqual(r.data, "OK")

    def test_member(self):
        r = self.client.get('/member')
        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(r.data, "OK")

    def test_admin_b(self):
        r = self.client.get('/admin_b')
        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(r.data, "OK")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

Answer 2

正如Matt所解释的那样，这只是一个背景问题。由于他的解释，我在单元测试期间有两种不同的方式来切换身份。

首先，让我们修改一下应用程序：

def _on_principal_init(sender, identity):
    "Sets the roles for the 'admin' and 'member' identities"
    if identity.id:
        if identity.id == 'admin':
            identity.provides.add(RoleNeed('admin'))
        identity.provides.add(RoleNeed('member'))

def create_app():
    app = flask.Flask(__name__)
    app.debug = True
    app.config.update(SECRET_KEY='secret',
                      TESTING=True)
    principal = Principal(app)
    identity_loaded.connect(_on_principal_init)
    #
    @app.route('/')
    def index():
        return "OK"
    #
    @app.route('/member')
    @roles_accepted('admin', 'member')
    def role_needed():
        return "OK"
    #
    @app.route('/admin')
    @roles_required('admin')
    def connect_admin():
        return "OK"

    # Using `flask.ext.principal` `Permission.require`...
    # ... instead of Matt's decorators
    @app.route('/admin_alt')
    @admin_permission.require()
    def connect_admin_alt():
        return "OK"

    return app

第一种可能性是在我们的测试中创建一个在每个请求之前加载身份的函数。最简单的方法是在创建应用程序后使用setUpClass装饰器在测试套件的app.before_request中声明它：

class WorkshopTestOne(unittest.TestCase):
    #
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        app = create_app()
        cls.app = app
        cls.client = app.test_client()

        @app.before_request
        def get_identity():
            idname = flask.request.args.get('idname', '') or None
            print "Notifying that we're using '%s'" % idname
            identity_changed.send(current_app._get_current_object(),
                                  identity=Identity(idname))

然后，测试成为：

    def test_admin(self):
        r = self.client.get('/admin')
        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 403)
        #
        r = self.client.get('/admin', query_string={'idname': "member"})
        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 403)
        #
        r = self.client.get('/admin', query_string={'idname': "admin"})
        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)
        self.assertEqual(r.data, "OK")
    #
    def test_admin_alt(self):
        try:
            r = self.client.get('/admin_alt')
        except flask.ext.principal.PermissionDenied:
            pass
        #
        try:
            r = self.client.get('/admin_alt', query_string={'idname': "member"})
        except flask.ext.principal.PermissionDenied:
            pass
        #
        try:
            r = self.client.get('/admin_alt', query_string={'idname': "admin"})
        except flask.ext.principal.PermissionDenied:
            raise
        self.assertEqual(r.data, "OK")

（顺便提一下，最后一次测试显示Matt的装饰器更容易使用....）

第二种方法使用test_request_context函数和with ...来创建临时上下文。无需定义由@app.before_request修饰的函数，只需将路由作为test_request_context的参数传递，在上下文中发送identity_changed信号并使用.full_dispatch_request方法< / p>

class WorkshopTestTwo(unittest.TestCase):
    #
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        app = create_app()
        cls.app = app
        cls.client = app.test_client()
        cls.testing = app.test_request_context


    def test_admin(self):
        with self.testing("/admin") as c:
            r = c.app.full_dispatch_request()
            self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 403)
        #
        with self.testing("/admin") as c:
            identity_changed.send(c.app, identity=Identity("member"))
            r = c.app.full_dispatch_request()
            self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 403)
        #
        with self.testing("/admin") as c:
            identity_changed.send(c.app, identity=Identity("admin"))
            r = c.app.full_dispatch_request()
            self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200)
            self.assertEqual(r.data, "OK")

Answer 3

在Matt的回复中，我创建了一个上下文管理器，使Determ_identity更清晰：

@contextmanager
def identity_setter(app, user):
    @app.before_request
    def determine_identity():
        #see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/16712321/unit-testing-a-flask-principal-application for details
        identity_changed.send(current_app._get_current_object(), identity=Identity(user.id))
    determine_identity.remove_after_identity_test = True
    try: 
        yield
    finally:
        #if there are errors in the code under trest I need this to be run or the addition of the decorator could affect other tests
        app.before_request_funcs = {None: [e for e in app.before_request_funcs[None] if not getattr(e,'remove_after_identity_test', False)]}

因此，当我运行我的测试时，它看起来像：

with identity_setter(self.app,user):
           with user_set(self.app, user):
                with self.app.test_client() as c:
                    response = c.get('/orders/' + order.public_key + '/review')

我希望这会有所帮助，我欢迎任何反馈：）

〜维克多

对烧瓶主要应用进行单元测试

3 个答案: