Question

我正在阅读文档：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.5/topics/auth/customizing/#substituting-a-custom-user-model

所以在我的settings.py中，我把：

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'membership.User'

在我的会员应用程序models.py中，我有这个：

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser

class User(AbstractBaseUser):
    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'

运行python manage.py syncdb给了我：

FieldDoesNotExist: User has no field named 'email'

我检查了AbstractBaseUser类源，当然定义了该字段，如下所示：https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/django/contrib/auth/models.py#L359

怎么了？

Answer 1

AbstractBaseUser没有电子邮件字段，AbstractUser可以。

如果要将电子邮件用作唯一标识符，则需要从AbstractBaseUser创建子类并使用unique=True定义电子邮件字段，并编写其他功能，例如模型的Manager：

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager,\
    PermissionsMixin
from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from django.utils import timezone
from django.utils.http import urlquote


class CustomUserManager(BaseUserManager):

    def create_user(self, email, password=None, **extra_fields):
        """
        Creates and saves a User with the given email and password.
        """
        now = timezone.now()
        if not email:
            raise ValueError('The given email must be set')
        email = CustomUserManager.normalize_email(email)
        user = self.model(email=email,
                          is_staff=False, is_active=True, is_superuser=False,
                          last_login=now, date_joined=now, **extra_fields)

        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_superuser(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
        u = self.create_user(email, password, **extra_fields)
        u.is_staff = True
        u.is_active = True
        u.is_superuser = True
        u.save(using=self._db)
        return u


class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
    email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), unique=True)
    first_name = models.CharField(_('first name'), max_length=30, blank=True)
    last_name = models.CharField(_('last name'), max_length=30, blank=True)
    is_staff = models.BooleanField(_('staff status'), default=False,
        help_text=_('Designates whether the user can log into this admin '
                    'site.'))
    is_active = models.BooleanField(_('active'), default=True,
        help_text=_('Designates whether this user should be treated as '
                    'active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'))
    date_joined = models.DateTimeField(_('date joined'), default=timezone.now)

    objects = CustomUserManager()

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = _('user')
        verbose_name_plural = _('users')

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return "/users/%s/" % urlquote(self.pk)

    def get_full_name(self):
        """
        Returns the first_name plus the last_name, with a space in between.
        """
        full_name = '%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)
        return full_name.strip()

    def get_short_name(self):
        "Returns the short name for the user."
        return self.first_name

    # define here other needed methods
    # Look at django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractUser

此外，您可能希望将此用户添加到管理页面。查看UserAdmin并重新定义它以与使用电子邮件字段作为唯一标识符的新用户模型兼容。

Answer 2

不幸的是django.contrib.auth中没有任何东西可以简单地子类化以获得具有

的模型

电子邮件地址代替用户名和
可以很好地与其他django.contrib.auth一起工作，就像群组一样。

最简单的方法是从models.py复制admin.py，forms.py和django.contrib.auth，在整个地方删除用户名并将电子邮件地址放在其中。我已经做到了这一点，我在几个客户项目中成功使用它。

我把它放在github和pypi上，所以你可以用

pip install django-libtech-emailuser

并查看usage instructions on github

在Django 1.5中将电子邮件设置为用户名

2 个答案: