关于如何在Prolog中使用这种DCG语法作为自然语言子集的一些疑问

时间:2013-05-19 15:06:04

标签: prolog dcg

我正在研究使用Prolog进行自然语言处理的DCG语法,我对是否正确理解它或者我是否遗漏了某些东西有疑问。

这是我的DCG语法:

sentence2(VP) --> noun_phrase2(Actor),
              verb_phrase2(Actor, VP).

/* A noun phrase is a proper name of a person (that is unified in the Name variable) */
noun_phrase2(Name) --> properName(Name).

/* A verb_phrase can be an intransitive verb */
verb_phrase2(Actor, VP) --> intrans_verb(Actor, VP).

/* A verb_phrase can be a transitive verb followed by an object complement
verb_phrase2(Somebody, VP) --> trans_verb(Somebody, Something, VP),
                               noun_phrase2(Something).

/* The meaning of a proper name john is john
   The meaning of a proper name mary is mary */
properName(john) --> [john].
properName(mary) --> [mary].

intrans_verb(Actor, paints(Actor)) --> [paints].

trans_verb(Somebody, Something, likes(Somebody, Something)) --> [likes].

所以这个语法可以接受这样的短语: [john,paints] 具有以下含义: paint(john)

我会看到我对如何达到这个含义的想法是正确的。

所以我认为这是我执行以下查询时发生的事情:

?- sentence2(Meaning, [john, paints], []).
Meaning = paints(john) 

[john paints] 这是我的最后一句,我必须评估并说明它是否属于我的语言。

必须以下列方式形成一句话:

sentence2(VP) --> noun_phrase2(Actor),
                  verb_phrase2(Actor, VP).

(通过名词短语之后的内容,后跟动词短语

名词短语以这种方式组成:

noun_phrase2(Name) --> properName(Name).

所以名词短语专有名称

专有名称的含义很简单,因为通过以下行:

properName(john) --> [john].

我只是说 john是一个正确的名称,我在DCG语法中添加了一个指定其含义的参数。所以:正确名称john的语义是john

因此,名词短语含义专有名称相同含义(因为变量名称统一)

所以在前一种情况下,含义 noun_phrase2 谓词是 john ,我原句的第一个评估步骤结束。< / p>

现在我必须通过谓词评估第二部分是语言短语 verb_phrase2(演员,VP)

口头短语可以是不及物动词

verb_phrase2(Actor, VP) --> intrans_verb(Actor, VP).

以这种方式定义不及物动词:

intrans_verb(Actor, paints(Actor)) --> [paints].

所以 paint 这个词是一个不及物动词,它的含义是 paint(Actor),其中 Actor 是一个依赖于上下文的变量(在这种情况下演员 rappresent 谁执行操作,谁画

因此,它回溯到 verb_phrase2(演员,VP)以验证 verb_phrase2(演员,VP)

现在,Actor仍然是一个尚未统一的变量,其含义为 VP = paint(Actor)

因此,验证 paint 是一个不及物动词,其含义是 paint(Actor)

所以执行回溯到原来的 sentence2(VP)谓词,我刚刚验证了 noun_phrase2(Actor)谓词,其中 Actor = john

所以我有类似这样的情况:

sentence2(VP) --> noun_phrase2(john),
                  verb_phrase2(john, paints(john)).

所以最终的 VP统一到paint(john)

我的推理是正确还是我错过了什么?这是用Prolog方式推理的好方法吗?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

请问一个特定的简短问题。包含相关代码而不会有过多评论。

这是怎么做的。


鉴于DCG规则

sentence2(VP) --> noun_phrase2(Actor),verb_phrase2(Actor, VP).
noun_phrase2(Name) --> properName(Name).
verb_phrase2(Actor, VP) --> intrans_verb(Actor, VP).
verb_phrase2(Somebody, VP) --> trans_verb(Somebody, Something, VP),
                                 noun_phrase2(Something).
properName(john) --> [john].
properName(mary) --> [mary].
intrans_verb(Actor, paints(Actor)) --> [paints].
trans_verb(Somebody, Something, likes(Somebody, Something)) --> [likes].

以下是如何实现其结果的?

?- sentence2(Meaning, [john, paints], []).
Meaning = paints(john) 

答案:

以上规则相当于

sentence2(VP, L, Z):- noun_phrase2(Actor, L, L2), 
                      verb_phrase2(Actor, VP, L2, Z).
noun_phrase2(Name, L, Z):- properName(Name, L, Z).    
verb_phrase2(Actor, VP, L, Z):- intrans_verb(Actor, VP, L, Z). 
verb_phrase2(Somebody, VP, L, Z):- trans_verb(Somebody, Something, VP, L, L2),
                                   noun_phrase2(Something, L2, Z).    
properName(john, L, Z):- 
    L = [john | Z].         %// 'john' is present in the input stream
properName(mary, L, Z):- 
    L = [mary | Z].         %// 'mary' is present in the input stream
/* an alternative definition 
properName(X) --> [X], { member(X, [john, mary]) }.
   %% would be translated as
properName(X, L, Z):- L = [X | Z], member(X, [john, mary]). 
*/    
intrans_verb(Actor, paints(Actor), L, Z):- 
    L = [paints | Z].       %// 'paints' is present in the input stream    
trans_verb(Somebody, Something, likes(Somebody, Something), L, Z):-
    L = [likes | Z].        %// 'likes' is present in the input stream

特别是

?- sentence2(Meaning, [john, paints], []).    

?- noun_phrase2(Actor, [john, paints], L2),                    
   verb_phrase2(Actor, Meaning, L2, []).

  ?- noun_phrase2(Actor, [john, paints], L2).
  ?- properName(Actor, [john, paints], L2).   
  ?- properName(john, [john, paints], L2).            { Actor=john }
  !- [john, paints] = [john | [paints]]               { L2=[paints] }

  ?- verb_phrase2(john, Meaning, [paints], []).
  ?- intrans_verb(john, Meaning, [paints], []).
  ?- intrans_verb(john, paints(john), [paints], []).  { Meaning=paints(john) }
  !- [paints] = [paints | []]

!-