指向连续2D数组的指针

时间:2013-05-17 15:40:18

标签: c pointers multidimensional-array

我正在使用带有标记-Wall -std=gnu99的gcc版本4.8.0。

我需要在C中使用malloc为连续的2D数组动态分配内存;这个事实是不可谈判的。但是,为了便于使用,我仍然希望能够使用方便的x[r][c]表示法访问数组。这是我通过执行*array[r][c]创建指向连续二维数组并指向数组的指针的勇敢尝试:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    size_t rows = 3, cols = 5;

    printf("sizeof(int) = %li\n\n", sizeof(int));

    int (*array)[rows][cols] = malloc(sizeof(int) * rows * cols);
    printf("array starts at %p\n", array);
    printf("sizeof(array) = %li\n", sizeof(array));
    printf("sizeof(array[0][0]) = 0x%lx\n", sizeof(array[0][0]));
    puts("");

    unsigned short r, c;

    for (r = 0; r <= rows - 1; r++) {
        for (c = 0; c <= cols - 1; c++) {
            printf("array[%i][%i] is at %p\n", r, c, &(*array[r][c]));
        };
        puts("");
    };
}

虽然它在没有警告的情况下编译,但它有一些意想不到的输出:

sizeof(int) = 4

array starts at 0x16cc010
sizeof(array) = 8
sizeof(array[0][0]) = 0x14

array[0][0] is at 0x16cc010
array[0][1] is at 0x16cc024
array[0][2] is at 0x16cc038
array[0][3] is at 0x16cc04c
array[0][4] is at 0x16cc060

array[1][0] is at 0x16cc04c
array[1][1] is at 0x16cc060
array[1][2] is at 0x16cc074
array[1][3] is at 0x16cc088
array[1][4] is at 0x16cc09c

array[2][0] is at 0x16cc088
array[2][1] is at 0x16cc09c
array[2][2] is at 0x16cc0b0
array[2][3] is at 0x16cc0c4
array[2][4] is at 0x16cc0d8

我真的不明白这里发生了什么。这些元素是连续的,但它们对于整数而言太大了,并且数组太小而无法容纳所有元素。

我的数组声明是我最不确定的部分 - 我正在阅读int (*array)[rows][cols],因为“array是一个指向数组的指针(带有步幅cols)” ,但显然这是不正确的。

我到底错在了什么?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

int (*array)[cols] = malloc( sizeof *array * rows );

for (r = 0; r <= rows - 1; r++) {
    for (c = 0; c <= cols - 1; c++) {
        printf("array[%i][%i] is at %p\n", r, c, &array[r][c]);

这允许您将array索引为array[i][j],因为array[i]隐式取消引用指针。

要解除分配,您只需要致电

free( array );

答案 1 :(得分:3)

代码应为

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    size_t rows = 3, cols = 5;

    printf("sizeof(int) = %li\n\n", sizeof(int));

    int (*array)[rows][cols] = malloc(sizeof(int) * rows * cols);
    printf("array starts at %p\n", array);
    printf("sizeof(array) = %li\n", sizeof(*array));  // Note the *
    printf("sizeof(array[0][0]) = 0x%lx\n", sizeof((*array)[0][0]));
    puts("");

    unsigned short r, c;

    for (r = 0; r <= rows - 1; r++) {
        for (c = 0; c <= cols - 1; c++) {
            printf("array[%i][%i] is at %p\n", r, c, &((*array)[r][c]));
        };
        puts("");
    };
}

因为 array 是一个指向数组[x] [y]的指针,所以你首先要取消引用它

 (*array)

访问项目

 (*array)[x][y]

这样你就得到了

sizeof(int) = 4

array starts at 0x12de010
sizeof(array) = 60
sizeof(array[0][0]) = 0x4

array[0][0] is at 0x12de010
array[0][1] is at 0x12de014
array[0][2] is at 0x12de018
array[0][3] is at 0x12de01c
array[0][4] is at 0x12de020

array[1][0] is at 0x12de024
array[1][1] is at 0x12de028
array[1][2] is at 0x12de02c
array[1][3] is at 0x12de030
array[1][4] is at 0x12de034

array[2][0] is at 0x12de038
array[2][1] is at 0x12de03c
array[2][2] is at 0x12de040
array[2][3] is at 0x12de044
array[2][4] is at 0x12de048

更多的是预期的值范围