我有以下问题: 我有一个近500mb的文件。它的文字,全部在一行。文本用虚线结尾分隔,名为ROW_DEL,文本如下:
this is a line ROW_DEL and this is a line
现在我需要进行以下操作,我想将此文件拆分为其行,以便我得到这样的文件:
this is a line
and this is a line
问题,即使我用Windows文本编辑器打开它,它也会破坏,因为文件很大。
是否有可能像我在C#,Java或Python中提到的那样拆分此文件?什么是最好的灵魂,不要过度使用我的CPU。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
以块的形式读取此文件,例如在c#中使用StreamReader.ReadBlock
。您可以设置要在那里读取的最大字符数。
对于每个已知的块,您可以将ROW_DEL
替换为\r\n
并将其附加到新文件中。
请记住将当前指数增加刚刚读过的字符数。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
实际上500mb的文字并不那么大,只是记事本很糟糕。你可能没有sed可用,因为你在Windows上,但至少尝试在python中的天真解决方案,我认为它将工作正常:
import os
with open('infile.txt') as f_in, open('outfile.txt', 'w') as f_out:
f_out.write(f_in.read().replace('ROW_DEL ', os.linesep))
答案 2 :(得分:1)
这是我的解决方案。
简单的原则(ŁukaszW.pl给了它),但如果想要照顾特殊情况(ŁukaszW.pl没有),代码就不那么容易了。
特殊情况是分隔符ROW_DEL在两个读取块中分割(如I4V所指出的),如果有两个连续的ROW_DEL,其中第二个在两个读取块中被分割,则更为微妙。
由于ROW_DEL比任何可能的新行('\r'
,'\n'
,'\r\n'
)都长,因此可以通过操作系统使用的换行符在文件中替换它。这就是我选择自己重写文件的原因
为此,我使用模式'r+'
,它不会创建新文件
使用二进制模式'b'
也是绝对必要的。
原则是读取一个块(在现实生活中,其大小将为262144)和 x 其他字符, x 是分隔符的长度 - 1.
然后检查分隔符是否存在于块的末尾+ x个字符
如果它存在与否,则在执行ROW_DEL转换之前缩短或不缩短块,并在适当的位置重写。
裸体代码是:
text = ('The hospital roommate of a man infected ROW_DEL'
'with novel coronavirus (NCoV)ROW_DEL'
'—a SARS-related virus first identified ROW_DELROW_DEL'
'last year and already linked to 18 deaths—ROW_DEL'
'has contracted the illness himself, ROW_DEL'
'intensifying concerns about the ROW_DEL'
"virus's ability to spread ROW_DEL"
'from person to person.')
with open('eessaa.txt','w') as f:
f.write(text)
with open('eessaa.txt','rb') as f:
ch = f.read()
print ch.replace('ROW_DEL','ROW_DEL\n')
print '\nlength of the text : %d chars\n' % len(text)
#==========================================
from os.path import getsize
from os import fsync,linesep
def rewrite(whichfile,sep,chunk_length,OSeol=linesep):
if chunk_length<len(sep):
print 'Length of second argument, %d , is '\
'the minimum value for the third argument'\
% len(sep)
return
x = len(sep)-1
x2 = 2*x
file_length = getsize(whichfile)
with open(whichfile,'rb+') as fR,\
open(whichfile,'rb+') as fW:
while True:
chunk = fR.read(chunk_length)
pch = fR.tell()
twelve = chunk[-x:] + fR.read(x)
ptw = fR.tell()
if sep in twelve:
pt = twelve.find(sep)
m = ("\n !! %r is "
"at position %d in twelve !!" % (sep,pt))
y = chunk[0:-x+pt].replace(sep,OSeol)
else:
pt = x
m = ''
y = chunk.replace(sep,OSeol)
pos = fW.tell()
fW.write(y)
fW.flush()
fsync(fW.fileno())
if fR.tell()<file_length:
fR.seek(-x2+pt,1)
else:
fW.truncate()
break
rewrite('eessaa.txt','ROW_DEL',14)
with open('eessaa.txt','rb') as f:
ch = f.read()
print '\n'.join(repr(line)[1:-1] for line in ch.splitlines(1))
print '\nlength of the text : %d chars\n' % len(ch)
要执行此操作,这是另一个始终打印消息的代码:
text = ('The hospital roommate of a man infected ROW_DEL'
'with novel coronavirus (NCoV)ROW_DEL'
'—a SARS-related virus first identified ROW_DELROW_DEL'
'last year and already linked to 18 deaths—ROW_DEL'
'has contracted the illness himself, ROW_DEL'
'intensifying concerns about the ROW_DEL'
"virus's ability to spread ROW_DEL"
'from person to person.')
with open('eessaa.txt','w') as f:
f.write(text)
with open('eessaa.txt','rb') as f:
ch = f.read()
print ch.replace('ROW_DEL','ROW_DEL\n')
print '\nlength of the text : %d chars\n' % len(text)
#==========================================
from os.path import getsize
from os import fsync,linesep
def rewrite(whichfile,sep,chunk_length,OSeol=linesep):
if chunk_length<len(sep):
print 'Length of second argument, %d , is '\
'the minimum value for the third argument'\
% len(sep)
return
x = len(sep)-1
x2 = 2*x
file_length = getsize(whichfile)
with open(whichfile,'rb+') as fR,\
open(whichfile,'rb+') as fW:
while True:
chunk = fR.read(chunk_length)
pch = fR.tell()
twelve = chunk[-x:] + fR.read(x)
ptw = fR.tell()
if sep in twelve:
pt = twelve.find(sep)
m = ("\n !! %r is "
"at position %d in twelve !!" % (sep,pt))
y = chunk[0:-x+pt].replace(sep,OSeol)
else:
pt = x
m = ''
y = chunk.replace(sep,OSeol)
print ('chunk == %r %d chars\n'
' -> fR now at position %d\n'
'twelve == %r %d chars %s\n'
' -> fR now at position %d'
% (chunk ,len(chunk), pch,
twelve,len(twelve),m, ptw) )
pos = fW.tell()
fW.write(y)
fW.flush()
fsync(fW.fileno())
print (' %r %d long\n'
' has been written from position %d\n'
' => fW now at position %d'
% (y,len(y),pos,fW.tell()))
if fR.tell()<file_length:
fR.seek(-x2+pt,1)
print ' -> fR moved %d characters back to position %d'\
% (x2-pt,fR.tell())
else:
print (" => fR is at position %d == file's size\n"
' File has thoroughly been read'
% fR.tell())
fW.truncate()
break
raw_input('\npress any key to continue')
rewrite('eessaa.txt','ROW_DEL',14)
with open('eessaa.txt','rb') as f:
ch = f.read()
print '\n'.join(repr(line)[1:-1] for line in ch.splitlines(1))
print '\nlength of the text : %d chars\n' % len(ch)
在处理块的末端时有一些微妙之处,以便检测ROW_DEL是否跨越两个块以及是否有两个ROW_DEL连续。这就是为什么我花了很长时间来发布我的解决方案:我最终不得不写fR.seek(-x2+pt,1)
而不仅仅是fR.seek(-2*x,1)
或fR.seek(-x,1)
,如果 sep 跨越或not(2 * x在代码中是x2,ROW_DEL x和x2是6和12)。任何对此感兴趣的人都会通过更改if 'ROW_DEL' is in twelve
部分中的代码来检查它。