Question

我有一个表，主键（bigint），日期时间，值，foreignKey到配置表，包含100,000行。我希望能够获得一个可变时间间隔的行。例如。

    Select Timestamp, value from myTable where configID=3 
    AND{most recent for 15 min interval}

我有一个CTE查询，它返回间隔时间间隔的多行

    WITH Time_Interval(timestamp, value, minutes)
    AS
    (
       Select   timestamp, value, DatePart(Minute, Timestamp) from  myTable 
       Where Timestamp >= '12/01/2012' and Timestamp <= 'Jan 10, 2013' and 
       ConfigID = 435 and (DatePart(Minute, Timestamp) % 15) = 0
    )
    Select Timestamp, value, minutes from Time_Interval
    group by minutes, value, timestamp
    order by Timestamp

如：

  2012-12-19 18:15:22.040   6.98    15
  2012-12-19 18:15:29.887   6.98    15
  2012-12-19 18:15:33.480   7.02    15
  2012-12-19 18:15:49.370   7.01    15
  2012-12-19 18:30:41.920   6.95    30
  2012-12-19 18:30:52.437   6.93    30
  2012-12-19 19:15:18.467   7.13    15
  2012-12-19 19:15:34.250   7.11    15
  2012-12-19 19:15:49.813   7.12    15

但是可以看出，第1个15分钟间隔有4个，下一个间隔有2个等等...更糟糕的是，如果没有在15分钟的确切时间戳上获得数据，则没有价值。

我想要的是十五分钟间隔的最新值...如果该间隔的唯一数据是在间隔开始后的1秒内发生的。

我正在考虑Lead / over但是......这些行并没有这样的方式。主键是一个bigInt，是一个聚簇索引。 timstamp列和ConfigID列都是Indexed。上面的查询在一秒钟内返回4583行。

感谢您的帮助。

Answer 1

如果你想在15分钟的间隔内分区，请在几分钟内使用datediff并除以15。并使用该分区对每个间隔进行排名。

WITH myTbl AS
(
SELECT 
timestamp, value, 
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY (DATEDIFF(Mi,0, Timestamp)/15) ORDER BY Timestamp desc) RK
FROM myTable 
--WHERE Timestamp BETWEEN '' AND ''
)

SELECT * FROM myTble
WHERE RK <= 1

Answer 2

尝试使用此尺寸。当您有给定间隔的多个时间戳时，它甚至会处理为实例返回的一行。注意：这假设您的Bigint PK列命名为：idx。如果不是，请替换“idx”。

    ;WITH Interval_Helper([minute],minute_group)
    AS
    (
              SELECT  0, 1 UNION SELECT  1, 1 UNION SELECT  2, 1 UNION SELECT  3, 1 UNION SELECT  4, 1
        UNION SELECT  5, 1 UNION SELECT  6, 1 UNION SELECT  7, 1 UNION SELECT  8, 1 UNION SELECT  9, 1
        UNION SELECT 10, 1 UNION SELECT 11, 1 UNION SELECT 12, 1 UNION SELECT 13, 1 UNION SELECT 14, 1
        UNION SELECT 15, 2 UNION SELECT 16, 2 UNION SELECT 17, 2 UNION SELECT 18, 2 UNION SELECT 19, 2
        UNION SELECT 20, 2 UNION SELECT 21, 2 UNION SELECT 22, 2 UNION SELECT 23, 2 UNION SELECT 24, 2
        UNION SELECT 25, 2 UNION SELECT 26, 2 UNION SELECT 27, 2 UNION SELECT 28, 2 UNION SELECT 29, 2
        UNION SELECT 30, 3 UNION SELECT 31, 3 UNION SELECT 32, 3 UNION SELECT 33, 3 UNION SELECT 34, 3
        UNION SELECT 35, 3 UNION SELECT 36, 3 UNION SELECT 37, 3 UNION SELECT 38, 3 UNION SELECT 39, 3
        UNION SELECT 40, 3 UNION SELECT 41, 3 UNION SELECT 42, 3 UNION SELECT 43, 3 UNION SELECT 44, 3
        UNION SELECT 45, 4 UNION SELECT 46, 4 UNION SELECT 47, 4 UNION SELECT 48, 4 UNION SELECT 49, 4
        UNION SELECT 50, 4 UNION SELECT 51, 4 UNION SELECT 52, 4 UNION SELECT 53, 4 UNION SELECT 54, 4
        UNION SELECT 55, 4 UNION SELECT 56, 4 UNION SELECT 57, 4 UNION SELECT 58, 4 UNION SELECT 59, 4

    )
    ,Time_Interval([timestamp], value, [date], [hour], minute_group)
    AS
    (
       SELECT A.[Timestamp]
             ,A.value
             ,CONVERT(smalldatetime, CONVERT(char(10), A.[Timestamp], 101))
             ,DATEPART(HOUR, A.[Timestamp])
             ,B.minute_group
         FROM  myTable A
         JOIN Interval_Helper B
           ON (DATEPART(minute, A.[Timestamp])) = B.[minute]
          AND A.[Timestamp] >= '12/01/2012' 
          AND A.[Timestamp] <= '01/10/2013' 
          AND A.ConfigID = 435 
    )
    ,Time_Interval_TimeGroup([date], [hour], [minute], MaxTimestamp)
    AS
    (
        SELECT [date]
              ,[hour]
              ,minute_group
              ,MAX([Timestamp]) as MaxTimestamp
          FROM Time_Interval
         GROUP BY [date]
              ,[hour]
              ,minute_group
    )
    ,Time_Interval_TimeGroup_Latest(MaxTimestamp, MaxIdx)
    AS
    (
        SELECT MaxTimestamp
              ,MAX(idx) as MaxIdx
          FROM myTable A
          JOIN Time_Interval_TimeGroup B
            ON A.[Timestamp] = B.MaxTimestamp
         GROUP BY MaxTimestamp
    )


    SELECT A.*
      FROM myTable A
      JOIN Time_Interval_TimeGroup_Latest B
        ON A.idx = B.MaxIdx
     ORDER BY A.[timestamp]

这是另一个来自@MntManChris的聪明时间组功能：

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fGetTimeGroup (@DatePart tinyint, @Date datetime)
RETURNS int
AS
BEGIN
RETURN CASE @DatePart
            WHEN 1 THEN DATEPART(mi, @Date)
            WHEN 2 THEN DATEPART(mi, @Date)/5 + 1   --  5 min
            WHEN 3 THEN DATEPART(mi, @Date)/15 + 1  -- 15 min
            WHEN 4 THEN DATEPART(mi, @Date)/30 + 1  -- 30 min
            WHEN 5 THEN DATEPART(hh, @Date)         -- hr
            WHEN 6 THEN DATEPART(hh, @Date)/6 + 1   -- 6 hours
            WHEN 7 THEN DATEPART(hh, @Date)/12 + 1  -- 12 hours
            WHEN 8 THEN DATEPART(d, @Date)          -- day
            ELSE -1
        END
END

Answer 3

正如我上面的评论所说，我已经使用了Rob的答案，但是使用了一个用户函数来消除Interval_Helper表和第一个连接。这是用户功能的代码。

BEGIN
DECLARE @Ans integer
if @DatePart  = 1   -- min
    return DATEPART(mi, @Date)
if @DatePart  = 2   -- 5 min
    return DatePart(mi,@Date)/5 + 1
if @DatePart  = 3   -- 15 min
    return DatePart(mi,@Date)/15 + 1
if @DatePart  = 4   -- 30min
    return DatePart(mi,@Date)/30 + 1
if @DatePart  = 5   -- hr
    return DATEPART(hh, @Date)
if @DatePart  = 6   -- 6 hours
    return DATEPART(hh, @Date)/6 + 1
if @DatePart  = 7   -- 12 hours
    return DATEPART(hh, @Date)/12 + 1
if @DatePart  = 8   -- day
    return DATEPART(d, @Date)


return -1
END

然后使Time_Interval表看起来像

;WITH Time_Interval([timestamp], value, [date], [day], time_group)
AS
(
    SELECT A.[Timestamp]
         ,A.value
         ,CONVERT(smalldatetime, CONVERT(char(10), A.[Timestamp], 101))
         ,DATEPART(dd, A.[Timestamp])
         ,dbo.fGetTimeGroup(@tInterval, A.[Timestamp]) as 'time_group'
     FROM  myTable A
      where
      A.[Timestamp] >= '12/01/2012' 
      AND A.[Timestamp] <= '01/10/2013' 
      AND A.ConfigID= 435 
)

由于@TimeInterval从1小时到6小时，或12小时或每天，从“小时”切换到“天”。我还必须将Time_Interval_TimeGroup表切换为按[小时]分组到按[天]分组，当然还要在选择列表中进行分组。

由于这是一个更大的抽象数据库模式的一部分，其中有问题的表和数据库都是ConfigID的函数，因此需要动态SQL，因此在分组中实现此开关不是问题，我只是简单地实现了两个不同的dynSql基于@TimeInterval

值的部分

由于

根据每第n个时间间隔选择行

3 个答案: