怎么"哪里"在Linq-to-Entities运营

时间:2013-05-08 13:47:23

标签: c#-4.0 entity-framework-4 sql-server-2008-r2

我在SQL Server中有一个ProductsImages表,以及一个多对多ProductImages链接表,并且有一个实体框架(VS2012,.NET4.5)针对这种结构生成的模型。

我有一个带有方法GetImageList的WCF服务,该方法列出了与产品关联的图像。对于速度,我只想从Images表中返回几列,特别是排除ImageBinaryImageThumbnailBinary列,这些列可能非常大,因为我们在那里存储了高分辨率图像

为了证明我的疑问,我决定只尝试获取文件名为fred.jpg的图片。

首先,我开始获取Product并使用导航属性:

Product p = ctx.Products.SingleOrDefault(x => x.Code == productCode);

if (p != null)
{
    var images = p.Images.Where(x => (x.FileName == "fred.jpg") && (!imageTypeId.HasValue || x.ImageTypeId == imageTypeId))
        .Select(x =>
            new
            {
                x.ID,
                x.FileName,
                x.MaxAvailableHeight,
                x.MaxAvailableWidth,
                ImageTypeName = x.ImageType.Name,
                x.FileDescription,
                HasCMYK = (x.CMYKImage != null)
            }
        ).ToList();
}

我很惊讶地发现这个查询仍然很慢,尽管添加了一个where子句并且只选择了我想要的列。当我运行SQL事件探查器时,我发现此查询转换为获取产品的每个映像的每个列,然后执行过滤器并选择内存中。这是相关的SQL Server跟踪,执行时需要3541ms(注意fred.jpg缺少过滤并带回每一列):

exec sp_executesql N'SELECT 
[Extent2].[ID] AS [ID], 
[Extent2].[MimeType] AS [MimeType], 
[Extent2].[ImageTypeId] AS [ImageTypeId], 
[Extent2].[ImageBinary] AS [ImageBinary], 
[Extent2].[ImageThumbnailBinary] AS [ImageThumbnailBinary], 
[Extent2].[FileSizeKb] AS [FileSizeKb], 
[Extent2].[FileName] AS [FileName], 
[Extent2].[FileDescription] AS [FileDescription], 
[Extent2].[MaxAvailableHeight] AS [MaxAvailableHeight], 
[Extent2].[MaxAvailableWidth] AS [MaxAvailableWidth], 
[Extent2].[CMYKImage] AS [CMYKImage], 
[Extent2].[SageStockItemID] AS [SageStockItemID]
FROM  [product].[ProductImages] AS [Extent1]
INNER JOIN [product].[Images] AS [Extent2] ON [Extent1].[ImageID] = [Extent2].[ID]
WHERE [Extent1].[ProductID] = @EntityKeyValue1',N'@EntityKeyValue1 int',@EntityKeyValue1=125

然后我决定不是从Product开始并使用.Images.Where,而是直接从上下文开始,并为我感兴趣的产品ID添加where子句,如下所示:

var images = ctx.Images.Where(x => (x.Products.Any(y => y.ID == 125)) && (x.FileName == "fred.jpg") && (!imageTypeId.HasValue || x.ImageTypeId == imageTypeId))
    .Select(x =>
        new
        {
            x.ID,
            x.FileName,
            x.MaxAvailableHeight,
            x.MaxAvailableWidth,
            ImageTypeName = x.ImageType.Name,
            x.FileDescription,
            HasCMYK = (x.CMYKImage != null)
        }
    ).ToList();

令我惊讶的是,这完全符合我的要求。 SQL翻译如下,其中只包含我想要的列和我想要的过滤器:

exec sp_executesql N'SELECT 
[Extent1].[ID] AS [ID], 
[Extent1].[FileName] AS [FileName], 
[Extent1].[MaxAvailableHeight] AS [MaxAvailableHeight], 
[Extent1].[MaxAvailableWidth] AS [MaxAvailableWidth], 
[Extent2].[Name] AS [Name], 
[Extent1].[FileDescription] AS [FileDescription], 
CASE WHEN ([Extent1].[CMYKImage] IS NOT NULL) THEN cast(1 as bit) WHEN ([Extent1].[CMYKImage] IS NULL) THEN cast(0 as bit) END AS [C1]
FROM  [product].[Images] AS [Extent1]
INNER JOIN [dbo].[ImageTypes] AS [Extent2] ON [Extent1].[ImageTypeId] = [Extent2].[ID]
WHERE ( EXISTS (SELECT 
    1 AS [C1]
    FROM [product].[ProductImages] AS [Extent3]
    WHERE ([Extent1].[ID] = [Extent3].[ImageID]) AND (125 = [Extent3].[ProductID])
)) AND (''fred.jpg'' = [Extent1].[FileName]) AND (@p__linq__0 IS NULL OR [Extent1].[ImageTypeId] = @p__linq__1)',N'@p__linq__0 int,@p__linq__1 int',@p__linq__0=1,@p__linq__1=1

此查询根据SQL Server分析器执行0ms执行 - 即时!

所以,这里发生了什么,为什么 - 当我开始使用该产品并转到.Images它是否会加载所有内容,但如果我从实体数据上下文开始并转到.Images产品ID的附加过滤器,它运作得很好吗?

谢谢!

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

不同之处在于,在第一个示例中,您首先加载Product。然后,就实体框架而言,你做了

p.Images

围绕该呼叫发生的一切都与EF无关。这是因为EF总是加载完整的实体集合实现完整状态的实体。它不会加载由Images短语过滤的Where集合。并且它不会加载只有Image短语中的属性的Select

在第二个示例中,EF不会加载单个实体,因为您只获取投影而没有完整的实体(没有Product而没有Image)。如果您使用的是DbContext API,则可以通过选中context.Products.Local.Count

来验证

有一种方法可以从实体的集合中进行投影。按照你的例子:

context.Entry(p).Collection(x => x.Images).Query()
       .Select(x => new
                    {
                        x.ID,
                        x.FileName,
                        ....