通过Arraylist查询

时间:2013-05-07 14:40:54

标签: java collections methods arraylist

我正在构建一个程序来读取.txt文件并提取学生数据并将其存储在一个集合中。然后,用户应该能够选择几个不同的查询。我要求帮助的查询是选择所有毕业的学生,​​例如2014年,然后将这些结果打印到屏幕上。

简而言之,如何为2014年毕业的学生搜索存储在Arraylist课程中的ProcessRecords?由于某种原因,我似乎无法返回特定年份毕业的学生的记录。

以下是我的代码。

头等舱:ProcessRecords(带主法)

import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;

 public class ProcessRecords {

public static void AskUser()
throws Exception {
    Scanner preference = new Scanner(System.in);
    //Creating a new scanner will allow us to gather user input

    boolean flag=true; 
    //I will use this for my while loop
    while (flag) {
        System.out.println("What type of Search would you like to run?\n 1)Search for all students\n 2) Search for students graduating in a specific year\n 3)Search for students whose last name begins with a certain string\n");
        int searchType=preference.nextInt();
        //This variable will store what type of query the user would like to run

        switch(searchType) {
            case 1:
            System.out.println("Gathering Records for all students\n");
            //Call Query Method in the Query Class to return all students in the collection
            break;
            //Call Query Method in the Query Class to return all students in the colletion
            case 2: System.out.println("What graduation year would you like to search for? \n"); 
            String yearsearch=preference.next(); 
            query.getYear(Integer.parseInt(yearsearch));
            //getYear();
            break;
            //Call Query Method to return students who are graduating in the specified year
            //Pass the "yearsearch" variable to the Query class
            case 3:
            System.out.println("What string would you like to search for? \n");
            String lstsearch=preference.next();
            break;
            default:
            System.out.println("Please pick a number between 1 and 3") ;
            break;
            //Call Query Method in the Query Class to return students who have the string in their last name
            //Also I need to pass the "lstsearch" variable to the Query class to search through last names                

        }
    }
}

public static void main(String[] args)
throws Exception
{
    Scanner input = new Scanner(new File("students.txt"));
    //This will import the file
    input.nextLine();
    //This will skip the headers in the file
    System.out.println("Processing file now...");
    //Let the user know that the file is being processed

    int id;
    String last;
    String first;
    int year;
    int i=1;
    // Declare variables that we will extract from the file

    //Now we will being processing the file with a while loop

    List<StudentRecord> studentRecords = new ArrayList<StudentRecord>();
    while(input.hasNext())
    {
        id=input.nextInt();
        last=input.next();
        first=input.next();
        year=input.nextInt();
        StudentRecord record = new StudentRecord(id, last, first, year);
        studentRecords.add(record);
        System.out.println(id + "  " + last + "  " + first + "  " + year + "\n");

    }
    System.out.println(" You have successfully read and printed from the file!");
    for (StudentRecord s : studentRecords)
        System.out.println(s.toString());

    Query query = new Query(studentRecords);
  }
}

第二课:StudentRecord

import java.util.*;
public class StudentRecord
{
private int id;
private String last;
private String first;
private int year;

public StudentRecord(int id, String last, String first, int year)
{
    this.id=id;
    this.last=last;
    this.first=first;
    this.year=year;
}

public String toString()
{
    return id + "  " + last + "  " + first + "  " + year;
} 

public int getYear()
{

    return year;
}

第三类:查询

import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;

public class Query
{
private List<StudentRecord> records;

public Query(List<StudentRecord> records) {
    this.records = records;
}

public void getYear(int yearSearch) {
    //I am trying to create a method to get students who are graduating in a specific year.
    // I want to call this method in the ProcessRecord SwitchCase Case #2
    int count = 0;

    for(StudentRecord record : records) {
        if(record.getYear() == yearSearch) {
           System.out.println(record.toString());
            count++;
        }
    }


}
}

问题

如果你可以帮我弄清楚如何在Arraylist中搜索特定年份毕业的学生的学生记录,然后将整行打印到屏幕上就会很棒!我对编程很陌生,所以我很感谢你能给我提供的所有帮助。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

public void getYear(int yearSearch) {
//I am trying to create a method to get students who are graduating in a specific year.
// I want to call this method in the ProcessRecord SwitchCase Case #2
int count = 0;

for(StudentRecord record : records) {
    if(record.getYear() == yearSearch) {
       System.out.println(record.getId()+" " + record.getFirst()+ " "+ record.getLast() + "+record.getYear());
        count++;
    }
}
}

答案 1 :(得分:0)

我已将代码插入到我的IDE中,并且有几点引起了我的注意。我已经开始使用您的问题中描述的代码了,所以我可能会说一些我在评论中已经描述过的内容。

首先,确保导入正确的类。如果您的3个类都在同一个包中,则不需要导入。还要确保您的类在正确的包中。仅将文件放在文件夹中是不够的,在import语句之上,您需要以下内容:

package querytestproject;

import java.io.File;
...

完成后,所有3个类都可以识别其他2个类并用它做一些事情。

接下来发生的第一件事就是:

case 2:
System.out.println("What graduation year would you like to search for? \n");
String yearsearch = preference.next();
query.getYear(Integer.parseInt(yearsearch)); // <------------

query目前尚不清楚。你还没有实例化。 Query是一个可以帮助您搜索学生列表的对象。您需要为该Query-object提供一个记录列表来实现该目标。您可以使用main - 方法执行此操作。您在那里正确创建了一个Query对象。但这里有一个小问题。

在main方法中执行Query query = new Query(studentRecords);时,可以在本地实例化查询对象。这意味着您只能在创建它的方法中使用查询对象,即main。因此,如果您运行AskUser,则query是未知的。

要解决此问题(使query全局,是一个解决方案),在类中实例化query,而不是在方法中。

public class ProcessRecords  {

    Query query;

    public static void AskUser()
    ...

在方法main的最后,将Query query = new Query(studentRecords);替换为:

query = new Query(studentRecords);

您会看到弹出错误,因为您尝试以静态方法(static main)访问非静态对象。

静态main方法意味着从该类创建的所有对象只有一个方法main。并且您可以在不实例化类的情况下调用main方法,并使用类的名称直接调用此方法。声明为static的类的所有实例变量和方法都是全局变量或全局方法。我们可以直接调用它们,而无需通过将类的名称放在变量前面而在类点运算符之间放置方法名称来直接调用类中的对象。

因此,我们像这样创建query对象:

static Query query;

运行该文件将显示该文件已正确加入。但是,在那之后,程序停止了。当您浏览main中的所有代码行时,您看不到对AskUser的引用。在main方法中设置完所有内容后,就可以向用户询问他想要的内容了。在main方法中:

...
query = new Query(studentRecords);
AskUser();

其余代码是正确的。 query已正确加载学生列表,从文件中读取。 query包含所有学生。因此,如果您搜索一年,它将通过致电query.getYear(x)搜索您刚刚加载的学生列表。