记录来自python-requests模块的所有请求

时间:2013-05-02 11:57:58

标签: python logging python-requests

我正在使用python Requests。我需要调试一些OAuth活动,为此我希望它能记录所有正在执行的请求。我可以使用ngrep获取此信息,但不幸的是,无法grep https连接(OAuth所需的)

如何激活Requests正在访问的所有网址(+参数)的记录?

8 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:93)

您需要在httplib级别(requestsurllib3httplib)启用调试。

这里有一些功能可以切换(..._on()..._off())或暂时启用它:

import logging
import contextlib
try:
    from http.client import HTTPConnection # py3
except ImportError:
    from httplib import HTTPConnection # py2

def debug_requests_on():
    '''Switches on logging of the requests module.'''
    HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1

    logging.basicConfig()
    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    requests_log = logging.getLogger("requests.packages.urllib3")
    requests_log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    requests_log.propagate = True

def debug_requests_off():
    '''Switches off logging of the requests module, might be some side-effects'''
    HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 0

    root_logger = logging.getLogger()
    root_logger.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
    root_logger.handlers = []
    requests_log = logging.getLogger("requests.packages.urllib3")
    requests_log.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
    requests_log.propagate = False

@contextlib.contextmanager
def debug_requests():
    '''Use with 'with'!'''
    debug_requests_on()
    yield
    debug_requests_off()

演示使用:

>>> requests.get('http://httpbin.org/')
<Response [200]>

>>> debug_requests_on()
>>> requests.get('http://httpbin.org/')
INFO:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTP connection (1): httpbin.org
DEBUG:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:"GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12150
send: 'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: httpbin.org\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nAccept-
Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\nAccept: */*\r\nUser-Agent: python-requests/2.11.1\r\n\r\n'
reply: 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
header: Server: nginx
...
<Response [200]>

>>> debug_requests_off()
>>> requests.get('http://httpbin.org/')
<Response [200]>

>>> with debug_requests():
...     requests.get('http://httpbin.org/')
INFO:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTP connection (1): httpbin.org
...
<Response [200]>

您将看到REQUEST,包括HEADERS和DATA,以及带有HEADERS但没有DATA的RESPONSE。唯一缺少的是没有记录的response.body。

Source

答案 1 :(得分:60)

基础urllib3库会使用logging module而非POST主体记录所有新连接和网址。对于GET请求,这应该足够了:

import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)

为您提供最详细的日志记录选项;有关如何配置日志记录级别和目标的更多详细信息,请参阅logging HOWTO

简短演示:

>>> import requests
>>> import logging
>>> logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
>>> r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get?foo=bar&baz=python')
INFO:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTP connection (1): httpbin.org
DEBUG:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:"GET /get?foo=bar&baz=python HTTP/1.1" 200 353

记录以下消息:

  • INFO:新连接(HTTP或HTTPS)
  • INFO:丢弃的连接
  • INFO:重定向
  • WARN:连接池已满(如果发生这种情况,通常会增加连接池大小)
  • WARN:正在重试连接
  • DEBUG:连接详细信息:方法,路径,HTTP版本,状态代码和响应长度

答案 2 :(得分:33)

对于那些使用python 3 +

的人
import requests
import logging
import http.client

http.client.HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1

logging.basicConfig()
logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
requests_log = logging.getLogger("requests.packages.urllib3")
requests_log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
requests_log.propagate = True

答案 3 :(得分:7)

当尝试使Python日志记录系统(import logging)发出低级调试日志消息时,我很惊讶地发现给定的内容:

requests --> urllib3 --> http.client.HTTPConnection

只有urllib3实际上使用Python logging系统:

  • requests
  • http.client.HTTPConnection
  • urllib3

当然,您可以通过设置以下内容来从HTTPConnection中提取调试消息:

HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1

,但是这些输出仅通过print语句发出。为了证明这一点,只需grep Python 3.7 client.py源代码并亲自查看打印语句(感谢@Yohann):

curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python/cpython/3.7/Lib/http/client.py |grep -A1 debuglevel` 

大概以某种方式重定向stdout可能会起作用,从而将stdout塞入日志系统并有可能捕获到例如日志文件。

选择“ urllib3”记录器而不是“ requests.packages.urllib3

要通过Python 3 urllib3系统捕获logging调试信息,这与互联网上的许多建议相反,并且正如@MikeSmith指出的那样,您不会有很多运气拦截:

log = logging.getLogger('requests.packages.urllib3')

相反,您需要:

log = logging.getLogger('urllib3')

调试urllib3到日志文件

以下是一些使用Python urllib3系统将logging的工作记录到日志文件中的代码:

import requests
import logging
from http.client import HTTPConnection  # py3

# log = logging.getLogger('requests.packages.urllib3')  # useless
log = logging.getLogger('urllib3')  # works

log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)  # needed
fh = logging.FileHandler("requests.log")
log.addHandler(fh)

requests.get('http://httpbin.org/')

结果:

Starting new HTTP connection (1): httpbin.org:80
http://httpbin.org:80 "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 3168

启用HTTPConnection.debuglevel print()语句

如果您设置了HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1

from http.client import HTTPConnection  # py3
HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1
requests.get('http://httpbin.org/')

您将获得 print 语句输出的其他多汁低级信息:

send: b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: httpbin.org\r\nUser-Agent: python- 
requests/2.22.0\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\nAccept: */*\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n'
reply: 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
header: Access-Control-Allow-Credentials header: Access-Control-Allow-Origin 
header: Content-Encoding header: Content-Type header: Date header: ...

请记住,此输出使用print而不是Python logging系统,因此无法使用传统的logging流或文件处理程序捕获(尽管可能会通过重定向stdout将输出捕获到文件中)

合并以上两个内容-将所有可能的日志记录最大化到控制台

要最大限度地利用所有可能的日志记录,您必须使用以下命令满足控制台/ stdout输出的要求:

import requests
import logging
from http.client import HTTPConnection  # py3

log = logging.getLogger('urllib3')
log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# logging from urllib3 to console
ch = logging.StreamHandler()
ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
log.addHandler(ch)

# print statements from `http.client.HTTPConnection` to console/stdout
HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1

requests.get('http://httpbin.org/')

提供完整的输出范围:

Starting new HTTP connection (1): httpbin.org:80
send: b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: httpbin.org\r\nUser-Agent: python-requests/2.22.0\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\nAccept: */*\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n'
reply: 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
http://httpbin.org:80 "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 3168
header: Access-Control-Allow-Credentials header: Access-Control-Allow-Origin 
header: Content-Encoding header: ...

答案 4 :(得分:4)

具有用于网络协议调试的脚本或什至是应用程序的子系统,希望看到确切的请求-响应对,包括有效的URL,标头,有效负载和状态。通常,在各地检测单个请求是不切实际的。同时,出于性能方面的考虑,建议使用单个(或很少几个专用)requests.Session,因此以下假设遵循the suggestion

requests支持所谓的event hooks(从2.23开始,实际上只有response挂钩)。从本质上讲,它是一个事件侦听器,并且在从requests.request返回控制之前发出事件。此时,请求和响应都已完全定义,因此可以记录下来。

import logging

import requests


logger = logging.getLogger('httplogger')

def logRoundtrip(response, *args, **kwargs):
    extra = {'req': response.request, 'res': response}
    logger.debug('HTTP roundtrip', extra=extra)

session = requests.Session()
session.hooks['response'].append(logRoundtrip)

基本上,这就是记录会话的所有HTTP往返的方式。

格式化HTTP往返日志记录

要使上面的日志记录有用,可以使用专门的logging formatter来了解日志记录中的reqres的其他内容。看起来可能像这样:

import textwrap

class HttpFormatter(logging.Formatter):   

    def _formatHeaders(self, d):
        return '\n'.join(f'{k}: {v}' for k, v in d.items())

    def formatMessage(self, record):
        result = super().formatMessage(record)
        if record.name == 'httplogger':
            result += textwrap.dedent('''
                ---------------- request ----------------
                {req.method} {req.url}
                {reqhdrs}

                {req.body}
                ---------------- response ----------------
                {res.status_code} {res.reason} {res.url}
                {reshdrs}

                {res.text}
            ''').format(
                req=record.req,
                res=record.res,
                reqhdrs=self._formatHeaders(record.req.headers),
                reshdrs=self._formatHeaders(record.res.headers),
            )

        return result

formatter = HttpFormatter('{asctime} {levelname} {name} {message}', style='{')
handler = logging.StreamHandler()
handler.setFormatter(formatter)
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, handlers=[handler])

现在,如果您使用session进行某些请求,例如:

session.get('https://httpbin.org/user-agent')
session.get('https://httpbin.org/status/200')

stderr的输出如下所示。

2020-05-14 22:10:13,224 DEBUG urllib3.connectionpool Starting new HTTPS connection (1): httpbin.org:443
2020-05-14 22:10:13,695 DEBUG urllib3.connectionpool https://httpbin.org:443 "GET /user-agent HTTP/1.1" 200 45
2020-05-14 22:10:13,698 DEBUG httplogger HTTP roundtrip
---------------- request ----------------
GET https://httpbin.org/user-agent
User-Agent: python-requests/2.23.0
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Connection: keep-alive

None
---------------- response ----------------
200 OK https://httpbin.org/user-agent
Date: Thu, 14 May 2020 20:10:13 GMT
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 45
Connection: keep-alive
Server: gunicorn/19.9.0
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true

{
  "user-agent": "python-requests/2.23.0"
}


2020-05-14 22:10:13,814 DEBUG urllib3.connectionpool https://httpbin.org:443 "GET /status/200 HTTP/1.1" 200 0
2020-05-14 22:10:13,818 DEBUG httplogger HTTP roundtrip
---------------- request ----------------
GET https://httpbin.org/status/200
User-Agent: python-requests/2.23.0
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Connection: keep-alive

None
---------------- response ----------------
200 OK https://httpbin.org/status/200
Date: Thu, 14 May 2020 20:10:13 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 0
Connection: keep-alive
Server: gunicorn/19.9.0
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true

GUI方式

当您有很多查询时,使用简单的UI和筛选记录的方法就很方便。我将为此使用Chronologer(我是作者)。

首先,钩子已被重写以产生记录,logging可以在通过电线发送时进行序列化。看起来可能像这样:

def logRoundtrip(response, *args, **kwargs): 
    extra = {
        'req': {
            'method': response.request.method,
            'url': response.request.url,
            'headers': response.request.headers,
            'body': response.request.body,
        }, 
        'res': {
            'code': response.status_code,
            'reason': response.reason,
            'url': response.url,
            'headers': response.headers,
            'body': response.text
        },
    }
    logger.debug('HTTP roundtrip', extra=extra)

session = requests.Session()
session.hooks['response'].append(logRoundtrip)

第二,必须修改日志记录配置以使用logging.handlers.HTTPHandler(Chronologer理解)。

import logging.handlers

chrono = logging.handlers.HTTPHandler(
  'localhost:8080', '/api/v1/record', 'POST', credentials=('logger', ''))
handlers = [logging.StreamHandler(), chrono]
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, handlers=handlers)

最后,运行Chronologer实例。例如使用Docker:

docker run --rm -it -p 8080:8080 -v /tmp/db \
    -e CHRONOLOGER_STORAGE_DSN=sqlite:////tmp/db/chrono.sqlite \
    -e CHRONOLOGER_SECRET=example \
    -e CHRONOLOGER_ROLES="basic-reader query-reader writer" \
    saaj/chronologer \
    python -m chronologer -e production serve -u www-data -g www-data -m

然后再次运行请求:

session.get('https://httpbin.org/user-agent')
session.get('https://httpbin.org/status/200')

流处理程序将产生:

DEBUG:urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTPS connection (1): httpbin.org:443
DEBUG:urllib3.connectionpool:https://httpbin.org:443 "GET /user-agent HTTP/1.1" 200 45
DEBUG:httplogger:HTTP roundtrip
DEBUG:urllib3.connectionpool:https://httpbin.org:443 "GET /status/200 HTTP/1.1" 200 0
DEBUG:httplogger:HTTP roundtrip

现在,如果您打开http://localhost:8080/(使用“ logger”作为用户名,并使用空密码作为基本auth弹出窗口),然后单击“ Open”按钮,您应该会看到类似的内容:

Screenshot of Chronologer

答案 5 :(得分:3)

我正在使用python 3.4,要求2.19.1:

“ urllib3”是现在要获取的记录器(不再是“ requests.packages.urllib3”)。在不设置http.client.HTTPConnection.debuglevel

的情况下,仍然会进行基本日志记录

答案 6 :(得分:0)

我正在使用logger_config.yaml文件配置日志记录,并使这些日志显示出来,我所要做的就是在其末尾添加一个disable_existing_loggers: False

我的日志记录设置相当广泛且令人困惑,因此我什至不知道在这里对其进行解释的好方法,但是如果有人也在使用YAML文件配置其日志记录,则可能会有所帮助。

https://docs.python.org/3/howto/logging.html#configuring-logging

答案 7 :(得分:0)

只需改善this答案

这对我来说是这样的:

import logging
import sys    
import requests
import textwrap
    
root = logging.getLogger('httplogger')


def logRoundtrip(response, *args, **kwargs):
    extra = {'req': response.request, 'res': response}
    root.debug('HTTP roundtrip', extra=extra)
    

class HttpFormatter(logging.Formatter):

    def _formatHeaders(self, d):
        return '\n'.join(f'{k}: {v}' for k, v in d.items())

    def formatMessage(self, record):
        result = super().formatMessage(record)
        if record.name == 'httplogger':
            result += textwrap.dedent('''
                ---------------- request ----------------
                {req.method} {req.url}
                {reqhdrs}

                {req.body}
                ---------------- response ----------------
                {res.status_code} {res.reason} {res.url}
                {reshdrs}

                {res.text}
            ''').format(
                req=record.req,
                res=record.res,
                reqhdrs=self._formatHeaders(record.req.headers),
                reshdrs=self._formatHeaders(record.res.headers),
            )

        return result

formatter = HttpFormatter('{asctime} {levelname} {name} {message}', style='{')
handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
handler.setFormatter(formatter)
root.addHandler(handler)
root.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)


session = requests.Session()
session.hooks['response'].append(logRoundtrip)
session.get('http://httpbin.org')