Question

我理解为什么log4net使用app.config文件来设置日志记录 - 这样您就可以轻松更改信息的记录方式，而无需重新编译代码。但在我的情况下，我不想用我的可执行文件打包app.config文件。我不想修改我的日志记录设置。

我有没有办法设置登录代码而不是使用app.config？

这是我的简单配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <section name="log4net" type="log4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler, log4net" />
  </configSections>
  <log4net>
    <appender name="RollingLogFileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender">
      <file value="Logs\EventLog.txt" />
      <appendToFile value="false" />
      <rollingStyle value="Size" />
      <maxSizeRollBackups value="5" />
      <maximumFileSize value="1GB" />
      <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
        <conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger - %message%newline" />
      </layout>
    </appender>
    <appender name="MemoryAppender" type="log4net.Appender.MemoryAppender">
    </appender>
    <root>
      <level value="Info" />
      <appender-ref ref="RollingLogFileAppender" />
      <appender-ref ref="MemoryAppender" />
    </root>
  </log4net>
</configuration>

修改

完全清楚：我的目标是没有XML文件。甚至不是我变成流的嵌入式资源。我的目标是完全以编程方式定义记录器。只是好奇是否可能，如果是，我可以找到一个语法示例。

Answer 1

最终解决方案： ₁

对于任何可能在将来偶然发现这一点的人来说，这就是我所做的。我在下面创建了静态类：

using log4net;
using log4net.Repository.Hierarchy;
using log4net.Core;
using log4net.Appender;
using log4net.Layout;

namespace Spectrum.Logging
{
    public class Logger
    {
        public static void Setup()
        {
            Hierarchy hierarchy = (Hierarchy)LogManager.GetRepository();

            PatternLayout patternLayout = new PatternLayout();
            patternLayout.ConversionPattern = "%date [%thread] %-5level %logger - %message%newline";
            patternLayout.ActivateOptions();

            RollingFileAppender roller = new RollingFileAppender();
            roller.AppendToFile = false;
            roller.File = @"Logs\EventLog.txt";
            roller.Layout = patternLayout;
            roller.MaxSizeRollBackups = 5;
            roller.MaximumFileSize = "1GB";
            roller.RollingStyle = RollingFileAppender.RollingMode.Size;
            roller.StaticLogFileName = true;            
            roller.ActivateOptions();
            hierarchy.Root.AddAppender(roller);

            MemoryAppender memory = new MemoryAppender();
            memory.ActivateOptions();
            hierarchy.Root.AddAppender(memory);

            hierarchy.Root.Level = Level.Info;
            hierarchy.Configured = true;
        }
    }
}

然后我所要做的就是用以下调用替换我调用XML文件的代码：

//XmlConfigurator.Configure(new FileInfo("app.config")); // Not needed anymore
Logger.Setup();

^{1 _{（这个答案被OP编辑成问题，我冒昧地将其作为社区答案，see here why）}}

Answer 2

您还可以完全转义XML，我使用最少的编程配置here编写了一个示例。

简而言之，这就是你需要的东西

var tracer = new TraceAppender();
var hierarchy = (Hierarchy)LogManager.GetRepository();
hierarchy.Root.AddAppender(tracer);
var patternLayout = new PatternLayout {ConversionPattern = "%m%n"};
patternLayout.ActivateOptions();
tracer.Layout = patternLayout;
hierarchy.Configured = true;

Answer 3

是的，您可以通过调用：

来配置log4net

log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator.Configure(XmlElement element)

请参阅the log4net documentation。

Answer 4

或者，您可以创建一个继承自log4net.Config.ConfiguratorAttribute的自定义属性，并在那里对您进行硬编码：

using log4net.Appender;
using log4net.Config;
using log4net.Core;
using log4net.Layout;
using log4net.Repository;
using log4net.Repository.Hierarchy;
using System;
using System.Reflection;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Assembly)]
    public class MyConfiguratorAttribute : ConfiguratorAttribute
    {
        public MyConfiguratorAttribute()
            : base(0)
        {
        }

        public override void Configure(Assembly sourceAssembly, ILoggerRepository targetRepository)
        {
            var hierarchy = (Hierarchy)targetRepository;
            var patternLayout = new PatternLayout();
            patternLayout.ConversionPattern = "%date [%thread] %-5level %logger - %message%newline";
            patternLayout.ActivateOptions();

            var roller = new RollingFileAppender();
            roller.AppendToFile = false;
            roller.File = @"Logs\EventLog.txt";
            roller.Layout = patternLayout;
            roller.MaxSizeRollBackups = 5;
            roller.MaximumFileSize = "1GB";
            roller.RollingStyle = RollingFileAppender.RollingMode.Size;
            roller.StaticLogFileName = true;
            roller.ActivateOptions();
            hierarchy.Root.AddAppender(roller);

            hierarchy.Root.Level = Level.Info;
            hierarchy.Configured = true;
        }
    }
}

然后将以下内容添加到.cs文件中：

[assembly: ConsoleApplication1.MyConfigurator]

Answer 5

在我发现两个警告后，接受的答案有效：

起初它并不适合我，但在使用roller.File属性的完整绝对路径后，它开始工作。
我必须在F＃中使用它（在fsx脚本中），因此在从C＃转换它时遇到了一些问题。如果您对最终结果感兴趣（包括下载log4net nuget包的方法），请参阅以下内容：

nuget_log4net.fsx：

#!/usr/bin/env fsharpi

open System
open System.IO
open System.Net

#r "System.IO.Compression.FileSystem"
open System.IO.Compression

type DummyTypeForLog4Net () =
    do ()

module NetTools =

    let DownloadNuget (packageId: string, packageVersion: string) =
    use webClient = new WebClient()
    let fileName = sprintf "%s.%s.nupkg" packageId packageVersion

    let pathToUncompressTo = Path.Combine("packages", packageId)
    if (Directory.Exists(pathToUncompressTo)) then
        Directory.Delete(pathToUncompressTo, true)
    Directory.CreateDirectory(pathToUncompressTo) |> ignore
    let fileToDownload = Path.Combine(pathToUncompressTo, fileName)

    let nugetDownloadUri = Uri (sprintf "https://www.nuget.org/api/v2/package/%s/%s" packageId packageVersion)
    webClient.DownloadFile (nugetDownloadUri, fileToDownload)

    ZipFile.ExtractToDirectory(fileToDownload, pathToUncompressTo)

let packageId = "log4net"
let packageVersion = "2.0.5"
NetTools.DownloadNuget(packageId, packageVersion)

let currentDirectory = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()

// https://stackoverflow.com/a/19538654/6503091
#r "packages/log4net/lib/net45-full/log4net"

open log4net
open log4net.Repository.Hierarchy
open log4net.Core
open log4net.Appender
open log4net.Layout
open log4net.Config

let patternLayout = PatternLayout()
patternLayout.ConversionPattern <- "%date [%thread] %-5level %logger - %message%newline";
patternLayout.ActivateOptions()

let roller = RollingFileAppender()
roller.AppendToFile <- true
roller.File <- Path.Combine(currentDirectory, "someLog.txt")
roller.Layout <- patternLayout
roller.MaxSizeRollBackups <- 5
roller.MaximumFileSize <- "1GB"
roller.RollingStyle <- RollingFileAppender.RollingMode.Size
roller.StaticLogFileName <- true
roller.ActivateOptions ()

let hierarchy = box (LogManager.GetRepository()) :?> Hierarchy
hierarchy.Root.AddAppender (roller)

hierarchy.Root.Level <- Level.Info
hierarchy.Configured <- true
BasicConfigurator.Configure(hierarchy)

let aType = typedefof<DummyTypeForLog4Net>
let logger = LogManager.GetLogger(aType)

logger.Error(new Exception("exception test"))

Answer 6

对于那些不想将添加器添加到Root记录器，但想要添加到当前/其他记录器的人：

//somewhere you've made a logger
var logger = LogManager.GetLogger("MyLogger");

// now add appender to it
var appender = BuildMyAppender();
((log4net.Repository.Hierarchy.Logger)logger).AddAppender(appender);

logger.Debug("MyLogger with MyAppender must work now");

// and remove it later if this code executed multiple times (loggers are cached, so you'll get logger with your appender attached next time "MyLogger")
((log4net.Repository.Hierarchy.Logger)logger).RemoveAppender(sbAppender);

Answer 7

虽然接受的答案在大多数情况下有效，但它有一些缺点。

它只保留 5 个最后的日志。
日志大小设置为 1GB，对于大多数记事本应用程序来说太大了。
由于它会锁定日志文件，因此不适用于 Web 应用程序等多线程应用程序。
由于日期是文件名的前缀，所以在windows中使用不方便
每次应用程序重新启动时它都会覆盖日志，如果您打算保留日志，这再次不合适。
如评论中所述，它需要进行一些修改才能使其在某些情况下正常工作。

因此配置更广泛。我创建了一个类，使日志记录更容易一些。显然，您可以根据需要选择配置部分。

using log4net;
using log4net.Appender;
using log4net.Config;
using log4net.Core;
using log4net.Layout;
using log4net.Repository.Hierarchy;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;

public enum LogType { Info, Debug, Warn, Error, Fatal };

public class Logger {

    private const string LOG_NAMESPACE = "APP_NAME";
    private const string LOG_FILENAME_PREFIX = @"D:\Logs\";
    private static readonly Level LOG_LEVEL = Level.Debug;
    private static readonly ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger(LOG_NAMESPACE);

    #region static Logger()
    // Static constructor is called automatically to initialize the class before the first instance is created or any static members are referenced
    static Logger() {
        Hierarchy hierarchy = (Hierarchy) LogManager.GetRepository();
        hierarchy.Root.RemoveAllAppenders();                            // Clear all previously added repositories.
        hierarchy.Root.Level = LOG_LEVEL;                               // Set Log level
        PatternLayout layout = new PatternLayout() { ConversionPattern = "%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff} %4t %-5p %m%n" }; // Log line format: Include millisecond precision, thread ID, Log type,
        layout.ActivateOptions();                                       // Apply Configuration 

        RollingFileAppender RFA = new RollingFileAppender();
        RFA.Name = LOG_NAMESPACE;                                       // Set name of appender
        RFA.File = LOG_FILENAME_PREFIX + LOG_NAMESPACE;                 // Set file name prefix
        RFA.LockingModel = new FileAppender.MinimalLock();              // Minimum lock time required, makes file available for reading
        RFA.AppendToFile = true;                                        // Do not overwrite existing logs, append to them.
        RFA.DatePattern = ".yyyy.MM.dd'.log'";                          // Add file extension here, to preserve the file extension
        RFA.Encoding = Encoding.UTF8;                                   // Set format of file to UTF8 for international characters.
        RFA.CountDirection = 1;                                         // Increment file name in bigger number is newest, instead of default backward.
        RFA.MaximumFileSize = "100MB";                                  // Maximum size of file that I could open with common notepad applications
        RFA.RollingStyle = RollingFileAppender.RollingMode.Composite;   // Increment file names by both size and date.
        RFA.StaticLogFileName = false;
        RFA.MaxSizeRollBackups = -1;                                    // Keep all log files, do not automatically delete any
        RFA.PreserveLogFileNameExtension = true;                        // This plus extension added to DatePattern, causes to rolling size also work correctly

        RFA.Layout = layout;
        RFA.ActivateOptions();                                          // Apply Configuration 

        hierarchy.Root.AddAppender(RFA);
        BasicConfigurator.Configure(hierarchy);                         // Apply Configuration 
    }
    #endregion

    #region public static int Log(...)
    public static void Log(string Description, LogType logtype = LogType.Info) {
        switch (logtype) {
            case LogType.Debug:
                log.Debug(Description);
                break;
            case LogType.Info:
                log.Info(Description);
                break;
            case LogType.Warn:
                log.Warn(Description);
                break;
            case LogType.Error:
                log.Error(Description);
                break;
            case LogType.Fatal:
                log.Fatal(Description);
                break;
        }
    }
    #endregion

    #region public static int Log(...)
    public static void Log(string Message, Exception ex) {
        log.Fatal(Message, ex);
    }
    #endregion

}

然后记录消息和异常调用它如下

Logger.Log("I was here", LogType.Debug);
Logger.Log("I am info message");
Logger.Log("An error", LogType.Error);
Logger.Log("An Exception", ex); // ex is of type Exception

由于 log4net 将滚动数据添加到文件名（在文件扩展名后添加）文件的奇怪方式，文件松散了 Windows 资源管理器关联。为了解决这个问题，.log 被添加到 DatePattern 中。它还将在扩展之前正确添加文件增量（可能是因为错误）在版本 1.2.11.0

上测试

注意事项：

不需要外部调用初始化，这将在应用程序启动时初始化（或当您第一次调用 Logger.Log 时
您可以将所有类常量移出到您自己的配置文件中，并使此类更加通用和可重用。
请注意，没有指定命名空间，这将使 Logger 类在所有命名空间中可用。
Log4net 提供了 5 种方法来记录消息，这有点不方便记忆。因此 Logger.Log 方法默认使用 info。
不相关的注意事项：如果您的应用程序在服务器或 Web 上运行，请将日志文件远离操作系统驱动器和应用程序文件夹。

您可以在代码中配置log4net而不是使用配置文件吗？

7 个答案: