匹配nltk语法中的字母数字字符串

时间:2013-05-01 19:52:53

标签: python parsing nltk

我正在尝试使用NTLK语法和解析算法,因为它们看起来非常简单易用。虽然,我找不到正确匹配字母数字字符串的方法,例如:

import nltk
grammar = nltk.parse_cfg ("""
# Is this possible?
TEXT -> \w*  
""")

parser = nltk.RecursiveDescentParser(grammar)

print parser.parse("foo")

有没有简单的方法来实现这一目标?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

干净利落是非常困难的。基本解析器类依赖于精确匹配或生产RHS来弹出内容,因此需要子类化并重写解析器类的大部分内容。我前一段时间尝试过功能语法课并放弃了。

我所做的更多是黑客,但基本上,我首先从文本中提取正则表达式匹配,并将它们作为产品添加到语法中。如果你使用大语法会很慢,因为它需要为每次调用重新计算语法和解析器。

import re

import nltk
from nltk.grammar import Nonterminal, Production, ContextFreeGrammar

grammar = nltk.parse_cfg ("""
S -> TEXT
TEXT -> WORD | WORD TEXT | NUMBER | NUMBER TEXT
""")

productions = grammar.productions()

def literal_production(key, rhs):
    """ Return a production <key> -> n 

    :param key: symbol for lhs:
    :param rhs: string literal:
    """
    lhs = Nonterminal(key)
    return Production(lhs, [rhs])

def parse(text):
    """ Parse some text.
"""

    # extract new words and numbers
    words = set([match.group(0) for match in re.finditer(r"[a-zA-Z]+", text)])
    numbers = set([match.group(0) for match in re.finditer(r"\d+", text)])

    # Make a local copy of productions
    lproductions = list(productions)

    # Add a production for every words and number
    lproductions.extend([literal_production("WORD", word) for word in words])
    lproductions.extend([literal_production("NUMBER", number) for number in numbers])

    # Make a local copy of the grammar with extra productions
    lgrammar = ContextFreeGrammar(grammar.start(), lproductions)

    # Load grammar into a parser
    parser = nltk.RecursiveDescentParser(lgrammar)

    tokens = text.split()

    return parser.parse(tokens)

print parse("foo hello world 123 foo")

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