看到this question之后,我开始想知道:是否可以编写一个行为的类,就像一个随机整数?
我设法找到了dir()
的一些可覆盖的方法:
class RandomInt(int):
def __add__(self, other):
return randint(1, 100) + other
def __mul__(self, other):
return randint(1, 100) * other
def __div__(self, other):
return randint(1, 100) / other
def __sub__(self, other):
return randint(1, 100) - other
def __repr__(self):
return str(randint(1, 100))
但我觉得有一种更优雅的方法可以将randint(1, 100)
注入到接受self
参数的每个方法中。
如果没有从头开始重写整个int
类,有没有办法做到这一点?
类似的东西:
>>> x = RandomInt()
>>> x + 1
2
>>> x + 1
74
>>> x * 4
152
答案 0 :(得分:2)
这是一个不同的答案,因为它与我发布的另一个非常不同。 (我觉得这应该是分开的)
守则:
class RandomInt:
def __getattr__(self, name):
attr = getattr(int, name, '')
if attr != '':
def wrapper(*args, **kw):
return attr(random.randint(1, 100), *args, **kw)
return wrapper
else:
raise AttributeError(
"'{0}' object has no attribute '{1}'".format('RandomInt',name))
示例运行:
>>> x = RandomInt()
>>> x
88
>>> 1 + x # __radd__
67
>>> x*100 # __mul__
1900
>>> x+5 # __add__
50
>>> x-1000 # __sub__
-945
>>> x//5 # __floordiv__
8
>>> float(x) # __float__
63.0
>>> str(x) # __str__
'75'
>>> complex(x) # __complex__
(24+0j)
>>> sum([x]*10)
573
有改进的余地:
>>> x + x
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#1456>", line 1, in <module>
x + x
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'instance' and 'instance'
x*x
,x/x
和类似的
这次是另一个版本,类似于@gatto's回答:
import random, inspect
class RandomInt:
def __init__(self):
def inject(attr):
def wrapper(*args, **kw):
args = list(args)
for i,x in enumerate(args):
if isinstance(x, RandomInt):
args[i] = x+0
return attr(random.randint(1,100), *args, **kw)
return wrapper
for name in dir(int):
attr = getattr(int, name)
if inspect.ismethoddescriptor(attr):
setattr(self, name, inject(attr))
这个支持:
>>> x + x
49
>>> x // x
2
>>> x * x
4958
>>> x - x
77
>>> x ** x
467056167777397914441056671494001L
>>> float(x) / float(x)
0.28
又一个版本,它使用类属性来克服新式/旧式问题(感谢@gatto):
import random, inspect
class RandomInt(object):
pass
def inject(attr):
def wrapper(*args, **kw):
args = list(args)
for i,x in enumerate(args):
if isinstance(x, RandomInt):
args[i] = random.randint(1,100)
return attr(*args, **kw)
return wrapper
for name in dir(int):
attr = getattr(int, name)
if inspect.ismethoddescriptor(attr):
setattr(RandomInt, name, inject(attr))
输出:
>>> x
86
>>> x
22
>>> x * x
5280
>>> [1] * x
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
>>> x * '0123'
'0123012301230123'
>>> s[x] # s = '0123456789' * 10
'5'
答案 1 :(得分:1)
import inspect
from random import randint
class SelfInjecter(type):
def __new__(self, *args, **kw):
cls = type(*args, **kw)
factory = cls.__factory__
def inject(attr):
def wrapper(self, *args, **kw):
return attr(factory(self), *args, **kw)
return wrapper
for name in dir(cls):
attr = getattr(cls, name)
if inspect.ismethoddescriptor(attr):
setattr(cls, name, inject(attr))
return cls
class RandomInt(int):
__metaclass__ = SelfInjecter
__factory__ = lambda self: randint(1, 100)
x = RandomInt()
print x + 3, x - 3, x * 3, repr(x)
上面的代码有一些问题。
正如Schoolboy所建议的那样,以下内容无效:
>>> print x * x
0
如果可能,我们需要将所有参数转换为新类型RandomInt
:
def factory(x):
if isinstance(x, cls):
return cls.__factory__(x)
return x
def inject(attr):
def wrapper(*args, **kw):
args = [factory(x) for x in args]
kw = {k: factory(v) for k, v in kw}
return attr(*args, **kw)
return wrapper
序列乘法和索引也不能按预期工作:
>>> [1] * x, x * '123', '123'[x]
([], '', '1')
这是因为Python没有将__index__
用于int
- 继承类型:
class Int(int):
def __index__(self):
return 2
>>> x = Int(1)
>>> '012'[x], '012'[x.__index__()]
('1', '2')
以下是Python 2.7.4实现的代码:
/* Return a Python Int or Long from the object item
Raise TypeError if the result is not an int-or-long
or if the object cannot be interpreted as an index.
*/
PyObject *
PyNumber_Index(PyObject *item)
{
PyObject *result = NULL;
if (item == NULL)
return null_error();
if (PyInt_Check(item) || PyLong_Check(item)) {
Py_INCREF(item);
return item;
}
if (PyIndex_Check(item)) {
result = item->ob_type->tp_as_number->nb_index(item);
if (result &&
!PyInt_Check(result) && !PyLong_Check(result)) {
PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
"__index__ returned non-(int,long) " \
"(type %.200s)",
result->ob_type->tp_name);
Py_DECREF(result);
return NULL;
}
}
如您所见,它首先检查int
和long
,然后才尝试拨打__index__
。
解决方案是继承object
并从int
克隆/包装属性,或实际上我更喜欢Schoolboys's answer,我想它也可以以类似的方式进行纠正。< / p>
答案 2 :(得分:0)
一个想法是使用__call__
方法,返回一个随机数。
class RandomInt(int):
def __call__(self):
return random.randint(1, 100)
def __add__(self, other):
return self() + other
def __mul__(self, other):
return self() * other
def __div__(self, other):
return self() / other
def __sub__(self, other):
return self() - other
def __repr__(self):
return str(self())
示例运行
>>> x = RandomInt()
>>> x * 3
81
>>> x + 3
56
>>> x - 4
68
>>> x / 4
2
答案 3 :(得分:0)
您可以在运行时附加方法:
def add_methods(*names):
def the_decorator(cls):
for name in names:
def the_function(self, other):
return cls(random.randint(0, 100))
setattr(cls, name, the_function)
return cls
return the_decorator
@add_methods('__add__', '__mul__', '__sub__')
class RandomInt(int):
pass
这允许您选择应该随机采取的方法。
请注意,您可能会尝试使用__getattr__
或__getattribute__
之类的内容来自定义属性的访问方式,并避免在类中明确设置方法,但这不适用于特殊方法,自从他们查询does not pass through the attribute-access methods。